Nkwụ mmanụ - nkọwa mmanụ. Uru ahụike na nsogbu

Description

Mmanụ nkwụ, nke gbara ya gburugburu nwere ọtụtụ asịrị na echiche ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ya, sitere na mkpụrụ anụ ahụ nke nkwụ mmanụ. A na-akpọkwa ngwaahịa crude uhie n'ihi hue terracotta ya.

Isi ebe a na-enweta nkwụ bụ osisi Elaeis guineensis, nke na-eto na West na South West Africa. Ndị obodo ahụ riri mkpụrụ ya ogologo oge tupu e si na ha emepụta mmanụ n'ụwa niile. A na-ahụ nkwụ mmanụ yiri nke ahụ, nke a maara dị ka Elaeis oleifera, na South America, mana ọ na-esikarị ike ito ya na azụmahịa.

Otú ọ dị, a na-eji ngwakọ nke osisi abụọ ahụ eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ n'imepụta mmanụ nkwụ. A na-akwado ihe karịrị 80% nke ngwaahịa taa na Malaysia na Indonesia, tumadi maka mbubata gburugburu ụwa.

mejupụtara

Mmanụ nkwụ bụ abụba 100%. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere 50% nke saturated acid, 40% nke monounsaturated acid, na 10% nke polyunsaturated acid.
Otu ngaji mmanụ nkwụ nwere:

• Calorie 114;
• 14 g abụba;
• 5 g abụba monounsaturated;
• 1.5 g polyunsaturated abụba;
• 11% nke uru kwa ụbọchị maka vitamin E.

Isi abụba nke nkwụ bụ palmitic acid, na mgbakwunye na ya, o nwekwara oleic, linoleic na stearic acid. Nri na-acha ọbara ọbara-edo edo sitere na carotenoids, antioxidants dị ka beta-carotene.

Ahụ na-eme ka ọ ghọọ vitamin A.
Dị ka mmanụ aki oyibo, mmanụ nkwụ na-esi ike n'ime ụlọ, ma na-agbaze na 24 degrees, ebe nke mbụ na 35 degrees. Nke a na-egosi ihe dị iche iche nke fatty acids n'ụdị ngwaahịa osisi abụọ.

Kedu ihe oriri na-eji mmanụ nkwụ

Mmanụ nkwụ na-ewu ewu na ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ n'ihi ọnụ ahịa ya dị ntakịrị. Ọ na-akpata otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mmepụta abụba akwụkwọ nri nke ụwa. Ihe ụtọ ya na-atọ ụtọ na nke ụwa, dị ka ugu ma ọ bụ karọt, jikọtara ya na bọta ahụekere na chocolate.

Na mgbakwunye na mmanya swiiti na swiiti, a na-agbakwunye mmanụ nkwụ na ude, margarine, achịcha, kuki, muffins, nri mkpọ na nri ụmụaka. A na-achọta abụba n'ụfọdụ ngwaahịa anaghị eri nri dịka ntacha eze, ncha, ude anụ ahụ, na ntutu isi.

Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ya mepụta mmanụ mmanụ biodiesel, nke na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi ọzọ nke ike [4]. Ndị kacha na-emepụta nri na-azụta mmanụ nkwụ (dịka akụkọ WWF 2020 siri kwuo):

• Unilever (1.04 nde tọn);
• PepsiCo (0.5 nde tọn);
• Nestle (0.43 nde tọn);
• Colgate-Palmolive (0.138 nde tọn);
• McDonald's (0.09 nde tọn).

Ihe ojoo nke nkwu

N'ime afọ 80, a malitere iji abụba trans dochie ngwaahịa ahụ, na-atụ egwu ihe ize ndụ nke obi. Ọtụtụ nchọpụta na-akọ na nsonaazụ na-emegiderịta onwe ya na mmetụta nke nkwụ na ahụ.

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị emeela nnwale na ụmụ nwanyị ndị a chọpụtara na ha nwere ọkwa cholesterol dị elu. Site n'iji mmanụ nkwụ mee ihe, ọnụ ọgụgụ a dị elu karịa, ya bụ, ọ na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa nke usoro obi obi.

N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ọtụtụ abụba akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ nwere ike belata cholesterol, ọbụlagodi mgbe ejikọtara ya na mmanụ nkwụ.

N'afọ 2019, ndị ọkachamara WHO bipụtara akụkọ na-ekwu banyere uru nkwụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a nyochachara nke ọma, ọ bịara bụrụ na ndị ọrụ nke Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo nke Malaysia, bụ ndị na-ahụ maka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ, dere akụkọ anọ n'ime isiokwu itoolu a kpọtụrụ aha na akụkọ ahụ.

Otu n'ime ọtụtụ nchọpụta egosila na ịmegharị mmanụ nkwụ siri ike na-eme ka ọ dị ize ndụ. Iji ngwaahịa a na-aga n'ihu na-eduga n'ichebe nkwụnye ego na akwara n'ihi mbelata nke ihe antioxidant nke abụba akwukwo nri. N'otu oge ahụ, ịtinye mmanụ ọhụrụ na nri emeghị ka ọ pụta ìhè.

Uru nke nkwụ

Ngwaahịa nwere ike inye uru ahụike. Mmanụ nkwụ na-eme ka ọrụ ọgụgụ isi dịkwuo mma ma nwee mmetụta dị mma na ụbụrụ. A na-eji ya egbochi ụkọ vitamin A ma bụrụ ezigbo isi iyi nke tocotrienols, ụdị vitamin E nwere ikike antioxidant siri ike.

Nnyocha na-egosi na ihe ndị a na-enyere aka ichekwa abụba polyunsaturated nke anụ ahụ ka ọ ghara ịdaba, na-ebelata ọganihu nke ịda mbà n'obi, belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa strok, na igbochi uto nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ cortex.

N'oge nnwale ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kewara mmadụ 120 ụzọ abụọ, otu n'ime ha nyere placebo, na nke ọzọ - tocotrienols sitere na mmanụ nkwụ. N'ihi ya, nke mbụ gosipụtara mmụba nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ, ebe ndị na-egosi nke ikpeazụ nọgidere na-eguzosi ike.

Nnyocha buru ibu nke ọmụmụ 50 chọpụtara mkpokọta na ọkwa LDL cholesterol dị ala na ndị na-eri nri agbakwunyere na mmanụ nkwụ.

6 akụkọ ifo banyere nkwụ

1. Ọ bụ ọrịa carcinogen siri ike, mba ndị mepere emepe ajụla ibubata ya maka nri

Nke a abụghị eziokwu ma bụrụkwa populism. Ha na-atụfu nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ, ma ọ bụghị nkwụ n'onwe ya. Nke a bụ abụba akwụkwọ nri, nke dị nhata ya na sunflower, mkpụrụ rapeseed ma ọ bụ mmanụ soybean. Ha niile nwere uru na ọghọm ha. Ma mmanụ nkwụ pụrụ iche.

Nke mbụ, a na-egbute ya ugboro atọ n'afọ. Osisi ahụ n'onwe ya na-eto ruo afọ 3. N'afọ nke ise mgbe ụgbọ mmiri gachara, ọ na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ. N'ọdịnihu, mkpụrụ ahụ na-ebelata ma kwụsị mgbe ọ dị afọ 25-5, mgbe afọ 17 gasịrị, a na-agbanwe osisi ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ahịa ịkụ nkwụ dị ọtụtụ okpukpu karịa nke mkpụrụ mmanụ ndị ọzọ.

Banyere carcinogens, mmanụ rapeseed nwere ike na-egbu egbu karịa mmanụ sunflower. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ị nwere ike ighe na mmanụ sunflower naanị ugboro 2, ma ọ bụghị ya, na-ejikwu ya, ọ na-aghọ carcinogen. Enwere ike ighe nkwụ ugboro asatọ.

Ihe ize ndụ na-adabere n'otú onye na-emepụta ihe si arụsi ọrụ ike na otú o si eji mmanụ eme ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị maka ọdịmma ya ịzọpụta na mma, ebe ọ bụ na ụtọ nke mmanụ "ochie" ga-emebi uto nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Nwoke ahụ meghere mkpọ ahụ, nwalee ya ma ọ gaghị azụta ọzọ.

2. A na-enye mba ndị bara ọgaranya “otu” nkwụ, na mba ndị dara ogbenye nwere “ọzọ”

Mba, ajụjụ niile bụ gbasara ịdị mma ihicha. Na nke a bụ njikwa na-abata, dabere na steeti ọ bụla. our country na-enweta mmanụ nkwụ ọkọlọtọ, nke a na-eji n'ụwa nile. Na mmepụta ụwa, mmanụ nkwụ bụ 50% nke abụba oriri, mmanụ sunflower - 7% abụba. Ha na-ekwu na a naghị eri "nkwụ" na Europe, mana ihe ngosi na-egosi na oriri ya abawanyela na EU n'ime afọ 5 gara aga.

Ọzọ, na ajụjụ nke ihicha. Ka anyị jiri ya tụnyere mmanụ sunflower. Mgbe emepụtara ya, ihe a na-esi na ya pụta bụ mmanụ, fusse, achicha na mkpo. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-enye mmadụ a fooz, mgbe ahụ, n'ezie, ọ gaghị adị nnọọ ụtọ. N'otu aka ahụ na mmanụ nkwụ. N'ozuzu, okwu ahụ bụ "mmanụ nkwụ" pụtara mgbagwoju anya dum: enwere mmanụ maka oriri mmadụ, e nwere akụkụ dị nta sitere na mmanụ nkwụ maka ngwa teknụzụ. Anyị na Delta Wilmar CIS na-eji naanị abụba oriri.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu maka ụlọ ọrụ anyị, mgbe ahụ, anyị na-ahapụ ngwaahịa nke akwadoro maka ihe ngosi nchekwa niile, a kwadoro mmepụta anyị. Anyị na-enyocha ngwaahịa anyị na ụlọ nyocha ndị Europe. Ihe njuputa niile nke ụlọ ọrụ bụ naanị ndị na-emepụta Europe (Belgium, Germany, Switzerland). Ihe niile na-akpaghị aka. Mgbe echichi nke akụrụngwa, anyị na-enweta nzere na asambodo kwa afọ, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Europe.

3. Ụwa na-ahapụ "osisi nkwụ" ma gbanwee mmanụ sunflower

Mmanụ sunflower bụ abụba trans. Anụ abụba bụ ọbara ọjọọ, ọrịa strok, nkụchi obi, na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ya, a na-eji ya eme ihe mgbe ị na-eghe, na n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ niile, a na-eji nkwụ dochie ya.

4. A ma ụma edepụtaghị mmanụ nkwụ na nri

Enwere m ike iji obi ike kwuo na ndị niile na-emepụta confectionery na our country na-egosi na ngwaahịa ha gụnyere mmanụ nkwụ. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ, onye nrụpụta ga-agwa gị mgbe niile banyere abụba ndị a na-etinye na nhazi. Nke a bụ ozi mepere emepe kpamkpam. Ọ bụrụ na onye na-emepụta ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi adịghị egosi, mgbe ahụ nke a bụ akụkọ ọzọ.

Nke a bụ mpụ na ọrụ nke onye nrụpụta na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị dị otú ahụ. Ọ dịghị mix na a ọjọọ ngwaahịa, ọ na-eme ka ego, n'ihi na mmanụ, dịtụ ikwu, na-efu UAH 40, na mmanụ si na akwukwo nri abụba nke dị iche iche Ezi ntụziaka ga-eri UAH 20. Ma emeputa ere na 40. N'ihi ya, nke a bụ uru na uru. aghụghọ nke ndị na-azụ ahịa.

Ọ dịghị onye na-akpaghasị "osisi nkwụ" ahụ, n'ihi na a pụghị ịgha ya. Enwere ụgha na ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi mgbe onye nrụpụta anaghị egosi na a na-eji abụba akwụkwọ nri (nkwụ ma ọ bụ sunflower). Nke a bụ naanị ụzọ isi duhie onye zụrụ ya.

5. Machibido "osisi nkwụ" agaghị emetụta akụ na ụba n'ụzọ ọ bụla, ọ ga-ebelata oke uru maka ndị na-emepụta ihe.

A ga-emechi ụlọ mmepụta ihe niile ozugbo, nke n'ime ọnwa ole na ole ga-agbanwe gaa na mkpụrụ rapes, soybean, na sunflower hydrogenated. N'ezie, ha ga-atụfu mbupụ, nke chọrọ ka ngwaahịa ahụ enweghị abụba trans. Mgbe emepụtara ya na mmanụ sunflower hydrogenated, nhazi ahụ ga-enwe abụba trans. Ya mere mbupụ ga-apụ n'anya.

6. Ọ dị ala karịa mmanụ ndị ọzọ

A na-eji mmanụ nkwụ eme ihe n'ebe a na-emepụta nri na ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi. Taa, enwere ọtụtụ okwu banyere ma ọ bara uru ma ọ bụ na-emerụ ahụ, ma n'ụwa nile, na ọkwa ndị omebe iwu, enwere nkwenye nke ụkpụrụ maka ọdịnaya nke trans fatty acids na ngwaahịa emechara.

A na-emepụta isomers fatty acid na abụba ihe oriri n'oge hydrogenation, usoro nke na-esi na abụba mmiri sie ike ka ọ bụrụ nke siri ike.

A na-achọ abụba siri ike iji mee margarine, abụba maka nsị waffle, kuki, wdg. Iji nweta abụba siri ike sitere na sunflower, rapeseed, mmanụ soybean, ụlọ ọrụ abụba na mmanụ na-enweta usoro hydrogenation ma nweta abụba na ụfọdụ siri ike.

Nke a bụ abụba nke enwerelarị opekata mpe 35% trans isomers. Abụba eke mgbe mmịpụta adịghị enwe trans isomers (ma nkwụ, ma ọ bụ mmanụ sunflower). Ma n'otu oge ahụ, nkwụsi ike nke nkwụ adịlarị nke na anyị nwere ike iji ya dị ka abụba maka ndochi, wdg.

Ya bụ, ọ dịghị nhazi ọzọ achọrọ. N'ihi nke a, mmanụ nkwụ enweghị trans isomers. Ya mere, ebe a, ọ na-emeri n'elu ihe oriri ndị ọzọ na abụba ndị maara nke ọma anyị.