Vertex bụ akụkụ elu nke okpokoro isi, nke a pụkwara ịkpọ sinciput. Ya mere vertex bụ elu nke isi, akụkụ elu nke igbe cranial, na ụmụ mmadụ kamakwa na vertebrates niile ma ọ bụ ọbụna na arthropods. Vertex, nke a na-akpọkwa skullcap, bụ ọkpụkpụ anọ n'ime mmadụ.

Vertex mejupụtara, na vertexes, gụnyere mmadụ, yana ụmụ ahụhụ, n'elu okpokoro isi. Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ okpu cranial, vertex bụ ya mere, na anatomi, akụkụ elu nke igbe cranial: ọ bụ elu elu nke isi. A na-akpọkwa ya sinciput.

Na anatomi, n'ime mmadụ, cranial vertex nwere ọkpụkpụ anọ nke okpokoro isi:

• ọkpụkpụ ihu;
• ọkpụkpụ parietal abụọ;
• l'occipital. 

A na-ejikọta ọkpụkpụ ndị a ọnụ site na sutures. Suture nke coronal na-ejikọta ọkpụkpụ ihu na nke parietal, suture sagittal dị n'etiti ọkpụkpụ abụọ nke parietal, na lambdoid suture na-esonyere ọkpụkpụ parietal na occipital.

Dịka anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ niile, vertex nwere ụdị sel anọ:

• osteoblasts;
• osteocytes;
• mkpụrụ ndụ n'ókè;
• osteoclasts. 

Na mgbakwunye, a na-agbakọ matrix extracellular ya, na-enye anụ ahụ a ọdịdị siri ike. Tụkwasị na nke a, nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma na x-ray, si otú a na-enye ohere ọmụmụ nke ọkpụkpụ site na x-ray.

Vertex na-ekere òkè na nchekwa nke ụbụrụ, na akụkụ elu ya. N'ezie, vertex bụ ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, ya mere ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, ọ nwere ọrụ nhazi.

N'ezie, anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ bụ otu n'ime ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ n'ime ahụ, ya mere ọ na-enwe ike iguzogide nrụgide ígwè ọrụ. Nke a bụ ka vertex na-arụ ọrụ nchebe ya n'ebe ụbụrụ dị n'ogo nke elu isi.

Extra-dural hematoma

Ihe na-akpata ọrịa na-emetụta vertex bụ hematoma extradural, nke na-esokarị nnukwu ujo na-ebute mgbawa nke akwara dị n'elu meninges. A na-emepụta hematoma a n'ezie site na nchịkọta ọbara dị n'etiti ọkpụkpụ nke okpokoro isi na dura, ma ọ bụ oyi akwa nke meninges, envelopu na-echebe ụbụrụ. Ya mere, ọ bụ mpụta ọbara n'etiti otu ọkpụkpụ nke okpokoro isi nke mejupụtara vertex na dura nke ụbụrụ.

Extra-dural hematoma nke a na-ahụ anya na vertex dị ụkọ, ọ bụ naanị pasentị dị nta nke hematomas niile. N'ezie, ụdị hematoma a na-emetụta naanị vertex na 1 ruo 8% nke ikpe niile nke hematoma extra-dural. Enwere ike ịkpata ya site na akwa akwa na sagittal sinus, ọ bụ ezie na extradural hematomas nke vertex na-apụta na mberede ka akọwara na akwụkwọ.

Extra-dural hematoma (EDH) nke vertex nwere njirimara ụlọ ọgwụ na-enweghị isi, ya mere nhazi ụlọ ọgwụ nke ọnya ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Nke a pathology nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu ma ọ bụ na-adịghị ala ala.

Enwere ike ijikọ mmalite nke ọbara ọgbụgba, dị ka ekwuru na mbụ, na akwa mmiri na sagittal sinus, mana ihe kpatara ọbara ọgbụgba ahụ nwekwara ike ịbụ akwara. Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ isi ọwụwa siri ike, jikọtara ya na vomiting.

Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikọta ikpe nke EDH nke vertex na hemiplegia, paraplegia, ma ọ bụ hemiparesis. Hematoma nke vertex a ka dị ụkọ.

Ọrịa ndị ọzọ

Usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ nwere ike imetụta vertex bụ ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, dị ka ụbụrụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, ọrịa Paget ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọkpụkpụ, n'ọnọdụ nke trauma. Tumors ma ọ bụ pseudotumors nke cranial vault, karịsịa, bụ ọnya a na-ezutekarị na omume ugbu a na nchọpụta ya na-abụkarị ihe ziri ezi. Ha na-akakarị mma.

A na-agwọkwa hematoma extra-dural nke dị na ọkwa nke vertex, dabere n'ogo hematoma, ọnọdụ ahụike nke onye ọrịa na nchọpụta redio ndị ọzọ metụtara ya. Ekwesịrị ịkpachara anya nke ukwuu n'oge ịwa ahụ, n'ihi na akwa na akwa sagittal sinus nwere ike ibute nnukwu mfu ọbara na ọbụna embolism.

A ga-agwọta ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke vertex ma ọ bụ site na ọgwụ iji gwọọ mgbu ahụ, ma ọ bụ site na ịwa ahụ, ma ọ bụ, n'ihe gbasara etuto ahụ, site na ịwa ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna chemotherapy na radiotherapy n'ihe gbasara etuto ahụ. njọ nke ọkpụkpụ a.

Nchọpụta nke hematoma extra-dural nke dị na ọkwa nke vertex nwere ike ịkpata mgbagwoju anya nchọpụta. Nyocha CT (mgbakọ gbakọọ) nke isi nwere ike inye aka na nchoputa ahụ. Otú ọ dị, a ghaghị ịkpachara anya ka ị ghara imehie ihe na artefact ma ọ bụ hematoma subdural.

N'ezie, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) bụ ngwá ọrụ nchọpụta dị mma nke nwere ike ịkwado nke a. Nchọpụta mbụ yana ọgwụgwọ ngwa ngwa nke hematoma extradural nwere ike inye aka belata ọnwụ yana ọrịa na-efe efe jikọtara ya na pathology a na-adịghị ahụkebe.

Maka nchoputa nke ọrịa ọkpụkpụ ndị ọzọ, a na-ejikọta foto ụlọ ọgwụ na ngwá ọrụ foto iji chọpụta ma ọ bụ mgbaji ma ọ bụ mgbawa, ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ ọrịa Paget.

A kọrọ ikpe mbụ nke hematoma extra-dural vertex na 1862, site na Guthrie. N'ihe gbasara ikpe mbụ akọwara na akwụkwọ sayensị nke ejiri MRI mee nchọpụta nke hematoma nke vertex nke ọzọ, ọ malitere na 1995.

N'ikpeazụ, ọ tụgharịrị na pathophysiology nke hematoma na-emetụta vertex dị nnọọ iche na nke extra-dural hematomas dị na saịtị ndị ọzọ nke okpokoro isi: n'ezie, ọbụna obere ọbara nwere ike ịchọ ịwa ahụ. , mgbe hematoma dị na vertex, ma n'otu oge ahụ obere hematoma asymptomatic dị n'ebe ndị ọzọ nke okpokoro isi nwere ike ọ gaghị achọ ịwa ahụ.