Ụkwụ (site na Latin gamba nke pụtara hock nke anụmanụ) bụ akụkụ nke aka ala dị n'etiti ikpere na nkwonkwo ụkwụ.

Ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ. Ụkwụ ahụ bụ ọkpụkpụ abụọ ejikọtara site na akpụkpọ anụ (1):

• tibia, ọkpụkpụ toro ogologo ma buru ibu, nke dị n'ihu ụkwụ
• fibula (nke a na -akpọkwa fibula), ọkpụkpụ dị ogologo, dị warara nke dị n'akụkụ yana n'azụ tibia.

N'ọgwụgwụ elu, tibia na -ejikọ ya na fibula (ma ọ bụ fibula) na femur, ọkpụkpụ etiti apata ụkwụ, iji mepụta ikpere. N'ọgwụgwụ ala, fibula (ma ọ bụ fibula) na -ejikọ aka na tibia na talus iji mepụta nkwonkwo ụkwụ.

Akwara ụkwụ. Ụkwụ ahụ nwere ngalaba atọ nke nwere akwara dị iche iche (1):

• oghere mpụta nke nwere akwara anọ: tibialis ihu, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus na fibular nke atọ
• akụkụ mpụta nke nwere akwara abụọ: akwara fibular longus na akwara mkpụmkpụ fibular
• oghere mpụta nke mejupụtara akwara asaa ekewara ụzọ abụọ:

  - oghere dị elu nke nwere akwara osisi na akwara akwara triceps, nwere mkpokọta atọ: gastrocnemius mpụta, gastrocnemius medial na akwara anyanwụ.

  - oghere dị omimi nke nwere poliphate, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus na tibialis n'azụ.

Ogwe mpụta na akụkụ elu elu na -akpụ nwa ehi.

Inye ọbara n'ụkwụ. A na -enye akụkụ ihu ihu site na arịa tibial ihu, ebe a na -enye arịa dị n'akụkụ azụ yana arịa tibial azụ yana arịa peroneal (1).

Innervation nke ụkwụ. Ọkpụkpụ peroneal miri emi, akwara peroneal dị elu na akwara tibial na -agbada akụkụ akụkụ ya na azụ ya n'otu n'otu. (2)

Nbufe ibu. Ụkwụ na -ebufe ibu site n'apata ụkwụ gaa na nkwonkwo ụkwụ (3).

Mmetụta ụda na -agbanwe agbanwe. Ọdịdị na ọnọdụ ụkwụ na -enye aka n'ikike ịkwaga na idobe ọnọdụ dị mma.

Mgbu na ụkwụ. Ihe na -ebute mgbu n'ụkwụ nwere ike ịdị iche iche.

• Ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ. Mgbu dị ukwuu n'ụkwụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mgbaji ọkpụkpụ tibia ma ọ bụ fibula (ma ọ bụ fibula).
• Ọkpụkpụ pathology. Mgbu ụkwụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọrịa ọkpụkpụ dịka osteoporosis.
• Ọrịa akwara. Mgbu nke ụkwụ nwere ike bute mgbu na -enweghị mmerụ ahụ dịka mkpagide ma ọ bụ nwee mmerụ ahụ akwara dịka ịkpa oke ma ọ bụ ịkpa ike. N'ime akwara, akwara nwekwara ike bute mgbu n'ụkwụ, ọkachasị n'oge tendinopathies dịka tendonitis.
• Ọrịa pathology. N'ọnọdụ ụkọ anụ ahụ n'ụkwụ, enwere ike inwe mmetụta nke ụkwụ siri ike. A na -egosipụta ya nke ọma site n'ịgba ọnya, ịmaja na ịma jijiji. Ihe na -ebute mgbaàmà ukwu ụkwụ dị iche iche. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ihe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịpụta dị ka akwara varicose n'ihi ịgbasa akwara ma ọ bụ phlebitis n'ihi nguzobe ọbara.
• Ọrịa akwara ozi. Ụkwụ nwekwara ike ịbụ ebe nrịanrịa ụjọ.

Ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ. Dabere na nchọpụta ọrịa a chọpụtara, ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ dị iche iche nwere ike ịhazi iji belata ihe mgbu na mbufụt yana iji mee ka anụ ahụ sie ike.

Ọgwụgwọ Symptomatic. N'ihe banyere pathologies vaskụla, enwere ike ịhazi mkpakọ na -agbanwe iji belata mgbasa nke akwara.

Ọgwụ ịwa ahụ. Dabere n'ụdị pathology a chọpụtara, enwere ike ịwa ahụ.

Ọgwụ ortopedik. Dabere n'ụdị mgbaji ahụ, enwere ike ịwụnye plasta ma ọ bụ resin.

Ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ. A pụrụ ịhazi usoro ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ, site na mmemme mmega ahụ akọwapụtara dịka physiotherapy ma ọ bụ physiotherapy.

Nnyocha ahụ. Nke mbụ, a na -eme nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ iji lelee ma chọpụta ihe mgbaàmà onye ọrịa chọpụtara.

Nyocha ọgwụ. Iji chọpụta ọrịa ụfọdụ, enwere ike ime nyocha ọbara ma ọ bụ mmamịrị dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro onunu ogwu nke phosphorus ma ọ bụ calcium.

Nnyocha onyonyo ahụike. Enwere ike iji X-ray, CT ma ọ bụ MRI scintigraphy scintigraphy, ma ọ bụ ọbụna densitometry ọkpụkpụ maka ọrịa ọkpụkpụ, iji gosi ma ọ bụ mikpuo nchọpụta ahụ.

Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound a kapịrị ọnụ na -eme ka o kwe omume ileba anya n'ọbara.

N'afọ 2013, akwụkwọ akụkọ New England Journal of Medicine kpughere otu akụkọ na -ekwupụta mmezu ọhụụ nke prostheses bionic. Otu ndị ọrụ nyocha sitere na Chicago Rehabilitation Institute enweela ihe ịga nke ọma itinye onye ọrịa nwere ụkwụ bepụ ụkwụ ya. Ndị nke ikpeazụ a nwere ike ijikwa echiche chịkwaa ụkwụ bionic a. (4)