Ọkpụkpụ bụ usoro siri ike nke nwere mineral na collagen iji hụ na ike ya siri ike. N'ime ndụ niile, ọkpụkpụ na -eto, na -agbaji, na -edozi onwe ya, mana ọ na -akawanye njọ. Imezi ọkpụkpụ bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, nke chọrọ nkwado n'etiti osteoclasts na osteoblasts.

Ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ bụ sel nke ọkpụkpụ yana matriks extracellular extracellular, nke mejupụtara collagen na protein na-abụghị collagenic. Ndozigharị nke anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ bụ ihe sitere n'ụdị sel atọ:

• osteoclasts nke na -emebi ọkpụkpụ mgbe niile (resorption ọkpụkpụ);
• osteoblasts nke na -eme ihe ndị dị mkpa iji gbanwee ihe na -efu (nhazi ọkpụkpụ);
• osteoporosis.

A ga -emezigharị ihe a n'ụzọ ziri ezi yana n'ụzọ ziri ezi iji jide n'aka na ọkpụkpụ ga -adị ike ma sie ike.

Ya mere, Osteoclasts bụ sel ọkpụkpụ na -ahụ maka resorption nke anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ, na -etinyekwa aka na mmeghari ohuru ya. Resorption nke anụ ahụ bụ usoro nke osteoclasts na -agbaji anụ ahụ ma na -ahapụ mineral, na -enye ohere ịbupụ calcium site na anụ ahụ n'ọbara. Osteoclasts na -emebi ihe ọkpụkpụ.

Mgbe enweghịzi nrụgide ọkpụkpụ, osteoclasts na -akụri ihe dị mkpa.

A na -enwekarị “nguzozi” n'etiti nhazi ọkpụkpụ na resorption. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ọrịa ọkpụkpụ na -esite na ahaghị nhata: ma ọ bụ na ha gwuru oke, ma ọ bụ na ha anaghị ewu nke ọma, ma ọ bụ ọ bụ ngwakọta nke usoro abụọ a.

Na mgbakwunye, osteocytes nwere ike izipu mgbaama na -ezighi ezi. Iri oke homonụ nwekwara ike ibute mbibi ọkpụkpụ. Nke a bụ ya mere isi ọkpụkpụ ji ada n'oge ndụ:

• Ọ bụrụ na resorption siri ike karịa nhazi: oke ọkpụkpụ na -ebelata, na -eduga na mfu nke akụrụngwa n'ọkpụkpụ ma na -eduga n'ịkpụwa (osteoporosis ma ọ bụ osteogenesis imperfecta);
• Ọ bụrụ na nhazi ahụ karịrị resorption: oke ọkpụkpụ na -abawanye nke ukwuu, nke nwere ike ibute osteosclerosis.

Ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ na -amalite ịka nká site na ibelata ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọkpụkpụ. Mgbagha nke nhazigharị a bụkwa ihe kpatara ụfọdụ ọrịa ọkpụkpụ.

A na -ejikọ pathology nke ọtụtụ ọrịa osteolytic na resorption nke ọkpụkpụ site osteoclasts.

Ọdịiche dị na nhazi nke resorption ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ibute:

• Osteoporosis: ọrịa ọkpụkpụ nke ejiri mbelata oke ọkpụkpụ na mmebi nke nhazi anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ. A gbajiri nguzozi n'etiti nhazi ọkpụkpụ na resorption. Ọkpụkpụ na -esighi ike ma ohere nke mgbaji na -abawanye;
• Osteogenesis imperfecta: (ọrịa o ketara eketa osteoporosis) nke njiri mara ọkpụkpụ siri ike, n'ihi nkwarụ a na -enwe na imepụta eriri collagen na anụ ahụ jikọtara ya bụ nke mejupụtara ọkpụkpụ;
• Osteopetrosis: nke a maara dị ka "ọkpụkpụ mabul" bụ okwu nkọwa nke na -ezo aka na otu adịghị ike ọkpụkpụ na ihe nketa, nke a na -eji mmụba nke njupụta ọkpụkpụ n'ihi adịghị ike na mmepe ma ọ bụ ọrụ nke osteoclasts;
• Ọrịa Paget nke ọkpụkpụ: mmelite anụ ahụ na -arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma na -eme n'ụzọ enweghị isi. Ya mere, anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ na -emebi na ebe ụfọdụ na usoro nrụpụta nkịtị anaghị ewere ọnọdụ.

Osteoporosis / osteogenesis

Ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ bụ igbochi ọdịdị nke mgbaji agbaji site na ijikọ ike nke anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ.

Tupu ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla, dọkịta ahụ:

• Na -emezi ụkọ vitamin D ga -ekwe omume ma na -enye mgbakwunye vitamin D, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, nke ga -enyere aka mee ka ọkpụkpụ sie ike;
• Jide n'aka na ị na -enweta calcium zuru ezu. Ọ nwere ike ibute mgbanwe na nri nri ma ọ bụ nye iwu ọgwụ na -agwakọta calcium na vitamin D;
• Na -atụ aro ka ị kwụsị ise anwụrụ;
• Na -agba ume ime mmega ahụ, iji mee ka nguzozi sikwuo ike, belata ohere ịdaba;
• Gbaa mbọ hụ na mmejuputa usoro mgbochi ọdịda.

Ọgwụgwọ akọwapụtara: bisphosphonates, “ụmụ irighiri ihe na -ebelata ọrụ osteoclasts, sel nke na -agbaji ọkpụkpụ, si otú a na -amachi ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ” ma na -egbochi ihe mgbawa.

Osteoporosis

Maka osteopetrosis nwata, a na -atụ aro ịmịnye mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ hematopoietic. Ndị a bụ sel ọbara nke sitere na ụmị ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ ọbara.

Ọrịa Paget nke ọkpụkpụ

Ekwesịrị ịgwọ ọrịa Paget ma ọ bụrụ na ihe mgbaàmà ahụ na -ebute ahụ erughị ala ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na enwere nnukwu ihe egwu ma ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama na -egosi nsogbu (ntị chiri, ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo na nkwarụ). N'ime ndị asymptomatic, ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ọ gaghị adị mkpa. Enwere ike iji bisphosphonates ọ bụla dị iche iche mee ka ọria Paget kwụsị.

osteoporosis

A na-eme nchoputa ahụ site na tụọ njupụta nke ọkpụkpụ site na densitometry na site na x-ray nke azụ azụ dorsolumbar iji chọọ mgbawa vertebral nke na-ahụkarị mgbe ụfọdụ n'ihi na ọ naghị egbu mgbu.

Osteogenesis

Ihe ịrịba ama ụlọ ọgwụ (mgbawa ugboro ugboro, sclera acha anụnụ anụnụ, wdg) iji mata na redio (osteoporosis na ọnụnọ nke ọkpụkpụ wormian na ụzarị ọkụ nke okpokoro isi). Ọkpụkpụ densitometry nwere ike inye aka gosi nchoputa ya.

Osteoporosis

Dọkịta ahụ na-amalite nyocha anụ ahụ yana nsonaazụ nyocha x-ray nke ga-ekpughe ịdị arọ na njupụta nke ọkpụkpụ, yana foto nke ọkpụkpụ n'ime ọkpụkpụ. Enwere ike ikwenye nchoputa site na nyocha DNA (nnwale ọbara).

Ọrịa Paget nke ọkpụkpụ

Nnwale ọbara, X-ray na scintigraphy ọkpụkpụ na-abụkarị naanị ya na-eme nchọpụta.