Akpa nwa (sitere na akpa nwa Latin), bụ akụkụ oghere nke dị na usoro ọmụmụ nwaanyi ma zubere ịnabata na ịkwalite mmepe nke àmụmà.

Ọnọdụ. Akpanwa dị na pelvis na azụ nke eriri afo, na n'ihu ikensi. Akpa nwa nọ n'ụdị pyramid a na -atụgharị. N'elu elu ya, a na -etinye akpa akpa nwa abụọ, ma ọ bụ tublopian tubes na ihu nke ọ bụla. Akụkụ ala ya na -emepe ikpu. (1)

Structure. Akpa nwa bụ akụkụ nwere oghere nwere mgbidi siri ike, ọkachasị nke nwere akwara. Ọ mejupụtara akụkụ abụọ (1) (2):

• Ahụ nke akpanwa bụ akụkụ kachasị ukwuu. Ọ dị site na ala nke akpanwa, akụkụ gbara okirikiri nke a na -etinye tublopian tubes, ruo mgbe wara wara na -eme njikọ n'etiti ahụ na akpa nwa, nke a na -akpọ isthmus nke akpanwa.
• Cervix bụ akụkụ dị warara nke nwere akụkụ abụọ:

  - Ọwa mmiri endocervix, ma ọ bụ ọwa mmiri endocervical bụ akụkụ dị n'ime cervix nke na -amalite site n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ wee na -aga ruo oghere oghere n'ime ikpu.

  - The exocervix, kwekọrọ na akụkụ mpụga nke cervix ma dị na akụkụ elu nke ikpu.

Wall. Mgbidi nke akpanwa nwere akwa atọ (3):

• Perimetrium nke dabara na mpụta elu na -ekpuchi ahụ na akụkụ nke cervix.
• Myometrium nke mejupụtara akwa oyi akwa nke mejupụtara akwara dị nro
• Endometrium nke mejupụtara akwa ime nke na -ekpuchi akpanwa ma nwee mkpụrụ ndụ glandular.

nkwado. Njikọ dị iche iche na -akwado akpanwa, ọkachasị akwara uterosacral, ma ọ bụ akwara okirikiri nke akpanwa. (1)

Ọrụ n'oge afọ ime. Ebumnobi nke akpanwa bụ ka ebunye nwa ebu n'afọ. N'oge njikọta spam nke akwa, nke ikpeazụ ga -etinye onwe ya na endometrium n'ogo nke ahụ nke akpanwa.

Mgbanwe nke ịhụ nsọ. Ọ bụ usoro mgbanwe nke ngwa ngwa ụmụ nwanyị iji nwee ike nweta akwa akwa. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị njikọta spam nwoke na akwa nwanyị, a na -ebibi endometrium, ihe mkpuchi nke akụkụ ahụ, wee si na cervix pụọ wee si na ikpu pụọ. Ihe omume a dabara na oge ịhụ nsọ.

Dysplasia nke cervical. Dysplasias bụ ọnya na -aga n'ihu. Ha na -etolitekarị na mpaghara nkwụsị n'etiti cervix na ahụ nke akpanwa. Ha nwere ike gbasaa n'akụkụ abụọ nke ectocervix na endocervix.

Papilloma mmadụ. Human papillomavirus (HPV) bụ nje a na -ebute site na mmekọahụ. Ọ na -abịa n'ụdị dị iche iche: ụfọdụ nwere ike bute ọnya na -adịghị mma na cervix ebe ndị ọzọ na -enye aka na mmepe nke ọnya na -aga n'ihu. N'ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ, a na -ekwu na papillomavirus mmadụ nwere ike oncogenic ma ọ bụ “n'ihe egwu dị elu” (4).

Ụbụrụ ọjọọ. Ọkpụkpụ na-adịghị mma (na-abụghị ọrịa kansa) nwere ike tolite (3).

• Uterine fibroids. Ọria ọjọọ a na -amalite site na sel akwara, ọkachasị nke mgbidi muscular nke akpanwa.
• Endometriosis. Ọrịa a kwekọrọ na mmepe nke anụ ahụ endometrial n'èzí akpanwa.

Ọrịa cancer akpa nwa. Ụdị ọrịa kansa dị iche iche nwere ike ito n'ime akpa nwa.

• Ọrịa cancer endometrial. Ọrịa cancer a na -etolite na mkpụrụ ndụ endometrial nke anụ ahụ. Ọ na -anọchite anya ọtụtụ ọrịa cancer akpa nwa.
• Ọrịa cancer akpa nwa Ọrịa ara nwere ike ime mgbe ọnya ọnya, gụnyere dysplasia cervical, ghọrọ sel mkpụrụ ndụ kansa.

Ọgwụ ịwa ahụ. Dabere na ọrịa na ọganiihu ya, enwere ike ịwa ahụ dịka iwepụ akụkụ nke akpanwa (conization).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, ọgwụgwọ ezubere iche. Ọgwụgwọ ọrịa kansa nwere ike were n'ụdị kemoterapi, radiotherapy ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọgwụgwọ ezubere iche.

Nnyocha ahụ. Nke mbụ, a na -eme nyocha ahụ iji chọpụta ihe mgbaàmà na njirimara nke mgbu.

Nnyocha onyonyo ahụike Pelvic ultrasound, CT scan, ma ọ bụ MRI nwere ike iji gosi nchoputa n'ime akpa nwa.

Hysterography. Nnyocha a na -enye ohere inyocha oghere akpa nwa.

Colposcopy: Nnwale a na -enye gị ohere ilele mgbidi nke akpa nwa

Biopsy: A na -eme ya n'okpuru colposcopy, ọ nwere ihe nlele anụ ahụ.

Pap smear: Nke a nwere mkpụrụ ndụ sel si n'ọkwa dị elu nke ikpu, ectocervix na endocervix.

Nnwale nyocha HPV. A na -eme nnwale a iji nyocha maka papillomavirus mmadụ.

Kemgbe afọ 2006, enwere ọgwụ mgbochi maka mgbochi ọrịa n'ihi papillomavirus mmadụ. Emere ọganihu ahụike a site na ọrụ onye ọka mmụta Harald zur Hausen, onye meriri Nobel Prize na ọgwụ na 20086 Mgbe nyochachara ihe karịrị afọ 10, ọ gara nke ọma igosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọrịa nke papillomavirus mmadụ kpatara na ihe omume Ọrịa cancer.