shiitake

Description

A maara ero shiitake na-atọ ụtọ ma na-agwọ ọrịa na China ihe karịrị puku afọ abụọ gara aga. ero a na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu, ọ bụghị naanị na mba Eshia, kamakwa n'ụwa, a na-akọwa uru bara uru nke mushrooms Shiitake n'ọtụtụ isiokwu na broshuọ nke na e depụtara ero a na Guinness Book of Records.

A na-atụnyere ero shiitake na akụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ ya, ikekwe, na ginseng. ero Shiitake adịghị njọ nke ukwuu ma enwere ike iji ya dị ka ngwaahịa gourmet bara uru, yana ọgwụ maka ọrịa niile. Ụdị dị iche iche bara uru nke ero shiitake na-eme ka o kwe omume iji ero a dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ogologo oge ntorobịa na ahụike.

N'ọdịdị na uto, mushrooms shiitake dị nnọọ ka ero ahịhịa, naanị okpu bụ brownish. Nri Shiitake bụ ero nri gourmet - ha nwere ụtọ ụtọ dị nro ma bụrụ nke a na-eri nke ọma. Ngwakọta mushrooms Shiitake.

Mejupụtara na kalori ọdịnaya

Shiitake nwere amino acid 18, vitamin B - ọkachasị otutu thiamine, riboflavin, niacin. Shiitake mushrooms nwere otutu vitamin D. ero nwere ihe pụrụ iche, polysaccharide lentinan nke na-adịghị ahụkebe, nke na-enweghị analogue na nkwadebe herbal.

Lentinan na-abawanye mmepụta nke enzyme pụrụ iche a na-akpọ perforin, nke na-ebibi mkpụrụ ndụ na-adịghị ahụ anya ma na-abawanye mkpụrụ ndụ na-egbu egbu nke necrosis na etuto ahụ. N'ihi ihe pụrụ iche ya, a na-eji shiitake dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ maka ndị ọrịa nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa oncological.

• Ndi na-edozi 6.91 g
• Abụba 0.72 g
• Carbohydrates 4.97 g
• Ihe caloric 33.25 kcal (139 kJ)

Uru nke mushrooms shiitake

Ọkụ Shiitake na-alụ ọgụ nke ọma mmetụta nke ikpughe radieshon na chemotherapy, enwere ike iji ya belata mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ ọrịa kansa na ndị ọrịa nọ n'ìgwè a.

Njirimara bara uru nke mushrooms shiitake.

1. Mmetụta antitumor kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke fungi na-enyere ahụ mmadụ aka iguzogide mmepe nke oncological na benign etuto.
2. Ọkụ Shiitake bụ immunomodulator siri ike - ọ na-abawanye mgbochi, ihe nchebe nke ahụ.
3. Ọkụ Shiitake na-enyere aka iwulite mgbochi mgbochi n'ime ahụ, nchebe dị irè megide usoro mkpali.
4. Ọkụ Shiitake na-alụ ọgụ megide microflora pathogenic na ahụ mmadụ ma na-akpali uto nke microflora nkịtị.
5. Ọkụ Shiitake na-enyere aka iweghachi usoro ọbara.
6. Na mushrooms onwe ha, na preparations si ha, gwọọ ọnya na ozize na afo na eriri afọ.
7. Ọkpụkpụ Shiitake na-ewepụ cholesterol "ọjọọ" n'ọbara, na-edozi ọkwa cholesterol, ma gbochie ịmepụta plaques cholesterol na mgbidi nke arịa ọbara.
8. Ọkụ Shiitake na-ebelata ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara mmadụ, na-enyere aka melite ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga.
9. Ọkụ Shiitake na-emezi metabolism nke anụ ahụ, na-emezi usoro nke nri interstitial na iku ume cell.
10. Ọkụ Shiitake na-enyere aka normalize carbohydrate metabolism na-akpali ibu ibu, na-emeso oke ibu.

A na-eji mushrooms Shiitake mee ihe maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọrịa ọ bụla, yana dịka ọgwụgwọ onwe ya, yana dịka mgbakwunye na isi ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụ gọọmentị.

Nsonaazụ nke nyocha sayensị na nnwale emere na-eju echiche ahụ anya: ha na-egbochi ọrịa nke obi na arịa ọbara ugbua na ọkwa nke ọrịa ahụ, a na-ejikwa ya agwọ ma atherosclerosis na ọbara mgbali elu.

Iri gram itoolu nke ntụ ntụ shiitake kwa ụbọchị maka otu ọnwa na-ebelata ọkwa cholesterol dị n'ọbara ndị agadi site na 15%, n'ọbara ndị ntorobịa site na 25%.

Shiitake dị irè maka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, ọrịa shuga mellitus (na-akpali mmepụta nke cholesterol site na pancreas onye ọrịa). Ndị ọrịa nwere otutu sclerosis na-eji ya, ero shiitake na-enyere aka ịhazi ihe mgbochi, belata nchekasị na-adịghị ala ala, ma weghachi eriri myelin mebiri emebi.

Zinc dị na ero shiitake na-enwe mmetụta dị mma na ike, na-eme ka ọrụ nke prostate gland na-arụ ọrụ, ma na-egbochi ịmepụta adenoma na ụbụrụ ọjọọ nke prostate.

Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ma ọ bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, ịkụ shiitake

Oge nke ịkọ shiitake na iji ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke mkpụrụ osisi na sawdust ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ na-amị amị n'efu dị mkpụmkpụ karịa oge ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ. A na-akpọ teknụzụ a siri ike, na, dị ka a na-achị, mkpụrụ osisi na-eme kwa afọ n'ime ụlọ ndị a kwadebere nke ọma.

Isi ihe mejupụtara mkpụrụ maka shiitake na-eto eto, nke sitere na 60 ruo 90% nke mkpokọta mkpokọta, bụ osisi oak, maple ma ọ bụ beech sawdust, ndị ọzọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche. I nwekwara ike iji sawdust nke alder, birch, willow, poplar, aspen, wdg Naanị sawdust nke coniferous ụdị adịghị adabara, ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere resins na phenolic bekee inhibit uto nke mycelium. Ogo kacha mma bụ 2-3 mm.

Obere sawdust na-egbochi ike mgbanwe gas na mkpụrụ, nke na-ebelata mmepe nke ero. Enwere ike ịgwakọta sawdust na ibe osisi iji mepụta usoro rụrụ arụ na nke ikuku. Otú ọ dị, ụbara ọdịnaya nke nri na nnweta oxygen na ihe ndị ahụ na-emepụta ọnọdụ dị mma maka ihe ndị dị ndụ na-asọmpi shiitake.

Nnụnụ ndị na-asọ mpi na-etolitekarị ngwa ngwa karịa shiitake mycelium, yabụ, a ga-emerịrị ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ bụ megharịa ya. Na ngwakọta mma mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na inoculated (mkpụrụ) na mkpụrụ mycelium. Mkpụrụ osisi mycelium tojuru na ngọngọ ndị ahụ.

Mycelium na-ekpo ọkụ maka ọnwa 1.5-2.5, mgbe ahụ, a na-ahapụ ya na fim ahụ ma ọ bụ wepụ ya na akpa ma bufee ya maka ịmị mkpụrụ n'ime ụlọ dị jụụ na iru mmiri. A na-ewepụ ihe ubi sitere na ngọngọ mepere emepe n'ime ọnwa 3-6.

A na-agbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye nri na mkpụrụ osisi iji mee ka uto mycelium dị ngwa ma mụbaa mkpụrụ. N'ime ikike a, a na-eji ọka na bran nke ọka ọka (ọka wit, ọka bali, osikapa, millet), ntụ ọka nke mkpụrụ osisi leguminous, mkpofu nke mmepụta biya na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke nitrogen na carbohydrates.

Site na mgbakwunye nri, vitamin, mineral, microelements na-abanyekwa na mkpụrụ, nke na-akpali ọ bụghị naanị uto nke mycelium, kamakwa ịmị mkpụrụ. Iji mepụta ọkwa acidity kachasị mma ma melite nhazi ahụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta na mkpụrụ: nzu (CaCO3) ma ọ bụ gypsum (CaSO4).

A na-agwakọta ihe ndị dị na substrates nke ọma site na aka ma ọ bụ ndị na-agwakọta ihe dị ka igwekota ihe. Mgbe ahụ, a na-agbakwunye mmiri, na-ebute iru mmiri na 55-65%.

Njirimara nri nke Shiitake

Ndị Japan na-ebute shiitake ụzọ maka uto n'etiti ero ndị ọzọ. Ofe sitere na shiitake a mịrị amị ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ na-ewu ewu karịsịa na Japan. Ma n'agbanyeghị na ndị Europe nwere ụtọ shiitake a kapịrị ọnụ na nke na-atọ ụtọ na mbụ, ọ naghị atọ ha ụtọ, ndị mmadụ shiitake maara na-atọ ụtọ ụtọ ya.

Shiitake ọhụrụ nwere ísì ero na-atọ ụtọ nke nwere ntakịrị mkpirisi nke isi radish. Mushrooms, akpọnwụwo na okpomọkụ adịghị elu karịa 60 Celsius C, na-esi ísì otu ma ọ bụ ọbụna ka mma.

Enwere ike iri shiitake ọhụrụ na-esighi esi esi ma ọ bụ esi nri ọzọ. Mgbe a na-esi esi ma ọ bụ na-eghe, ụtọ nke na-esi ísì ụtọ na ísì shiitake na-aghọkwu ero.

Ụkwụ ero dị nnọọ ala karịa okpu na uto, ha dịkwa ọtụtụ fibrous karịa okpu.

Njirimara shiitake dị ize ndụ

Iri ero shiitak nwere ike ịkpalite mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị ahụ, yabụ ndị na-enwekarị allergies kwesịrị ịkpachara anya maka ngwaahịa a. Ọzọkwa, ero bụ contraindicated n'oge lactation na ime ime n'ihi na elu ọdịnaya nke biologically arụ ọrụ bekee.

Ebee ka ero shiitake na-eto?

Shiitake bụ ụdị ero saprotrophic nke na-etolite naanị n'osisi nwụrụ anwụ na nke dara ada, site na osisi nke ọ na-enweta nri niile dị mkpa maka uto na mmepe.

N'okpuru ọnọdụ eke, shiitake na-eto na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia (China, Japan, Korea na mba ndị ọzọ) na stumps na ogwe osisi gbuturu, ọkachasị castanopsis spiky. Na mpaghara Russia, na Primorsky Territory na n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa, ero Shiitake na-eto na osisi oak Mongolian na Amur Linden. A pụkwara ịchọta ha na chestnut, birch, maple, poplar, liquidambar, hornbeam, ironwood, mulberry (osisi mulberry). Mushrooms na-apụta n'oge opupu ihe ubi ma na-amị mkpụrụ n'ìgwè n'oge okpomọkụ ruo n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ.

Lentinula oriri na-eto ngwa ngwa: ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị 6-8 site na mpụta nke obere ube nwere oke ruo ntozu oke.

Eziokwu na-akpali mmasị gbasara Shiitake

1. Aha izizi edere banyere ero Japan malitere na 199 BC.
2. Edewo ma bipụta ihe karịrị nyocha miri emi 40,000 na ọrụ ndị a ma ama na monographs gbasara lentinula oriri, na-ekpughe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe nzuzo niile nke ero dị ụtọ ma dị mma.

Na-eto eto shiitake n'ụlọ

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-akọ ero ahụ nke ọma n'ụwa niile n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị: ha mụtara ka esi eto mushrooms shiitake n'ụzọ ziri ezi naanị n'etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ, na ruo mgbe ahụ, a na-azụ ha site na ịkpụ osisi rere ure na mkpụrụ osisi.

Ugbu a lentinula a na-eri eri na-eto n'osisi oak, chestnut na osisi maple na ìhè eke ma ọ bụ na sawdust n'ime ụlọ. Mushrooms toro n'ụzọ mbụ ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam na-ejigide ihe ndị na-eto eto n'ọhịa, a na-ekwenyekwa na sawdust na-abawanye uto na ísì ụtọ, agbanyeghị, na-emebi àgwà ọgwụgwọ nke shiitake. Mmepụta ụwa nke mushrooms ndị a na-eri nri na mmalite nke narị afọ XXI eruola 800 puku tọn kwa afọ.

Mushrooms dị mfe na-eto eto na mba ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ, ya bụ, n'èzí eke ebe, ebe ọ bụ na ha picky banyere ọnọdụ nke ịdị adị ha. Ikiri ụfọdụ nuances na iṅomi ebe obibi nke mushrooms, ị nwere ike nweta nsonaazụ dị mma n'ịzụlite ha n'ụlọ. ero na-amị mkpụrụ nke ọma site na Mee ruo Ọktoba, mana itolite shiitake ka bụ ọrụ siri ike.

Teknụzụ na-eto eto na mmanya ma ọ bụ ukwu

Isi ihe a chọrọ maka ịkụ ero ero bụ osisi. Dị ka o kwesịrị, ndị a kwesịrị ịbụ ogwe akọrọ ma ọ bụ hemp nke osisi oak, chestnut ma ọ bụ beech, sawd n'ime ogwe 35-50 cm ogologo. Ọ bụrụ na ị bu n'obi na-eto shiitake na mba ahụ, ọ dịghị mkpa ịhụ stumps. Ekwesịrị iweta ihe ahụ tupu oge eruo, ọkacha mma na mmalite nke oge opupu ihe ubi, ma jide n'aka na ị ga-ewere naanị osisi dị mma, na-enweghị ihe ịrịba ama nke mmebi site na ire ere, moss ma ọ bụ tinder ero.

Tupu ịtọọ mycelium, a ga-esichaa osisi ahụ maka nkeji 50-60: ụdị aghụghọ a ga-ejupụta na mmiri dị mkpa, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-ekpochapụ ya. Na mmanya ọ bụla, ịkwesịrị ịme oghere nwere dayameta nke ihe dịka 1 centimita na omimi nke 5-7 cm, na-eme ka ntinye nke 8-10 cm n'etiti ha. Shiitake mycelium kwesịrị itinye n'ime ha, mechie oghere ọ bụla na ịgha mkpụrụ na owu mmiri.

Mgbe ị na-akụ mkpụrụ, mmiri nke osisi ekwesịghị ịfe 70%, ma n'otu oge ahụ ekwesịghị ịbụ ala karịa 15%. Iji gbochie ụkọ mmiri, ị nwere ike kechie ogwe / hemp n'ime akpa rọba.

Ihe dị mkpa: leba anya na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ ebe a na-akụ ero ero gị: ógbè ndị Japan na-enwe mmasị na-agbanwe okpomọkụ (site na +16 n'ehihie ruo +10 n'abalị). Mgbasa okpomọkụ a na-akpali uto ha.

Ọ bụrụ na a ga-akụ shiitake n'èzí na mba ahụ, họrọ ebe ndo, na mmanya ma ọ bụ ogwe osisi na-adịghị egbu egbu na mycelium kwesịrị ka e liri ihe dịka 2/3 n'ime ala ka ọ ghara ịnwụ.

Na-eto eto na sawdust ma ọ bụ ahịhịa

Ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume itolite ero a n'elu osisi, itolite shiitake na ọka bali ma ọ bụ ahihia oat, ma ọ bụ n'osisi ahịhịa (a na-ewepụ conifers) ga-abụ nhọrọ magburu onwe ya.

Tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, a na-edozi ihe ndị a dịka ụkpụrụ nke esi esi otu na ọkara ruo awa abụọ, na iji mee ka ọmụmụ ha dịkwuo elu, ọ gaghị abụ ihe na-abaghị uru ịgbakwunye bran ma ọ bụ achicha malt. Ngwongwo nwere sawdust ma ọ bụ ahịhịa juru na shiitake mycelium ma kpuchie ya na polyethylene, na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị ihe dịka 18-20 degrees. Ozugbo a kọwapụtara germination nke mycelium, a ga-ebelata okpomọkụ ruo ogo 15-17 n'ehihie na ruo 10-12 n'abalị.

Ịzụlite shiitake na ahịhịa abụghị naanị usoro akpa. Jupụta akpa nke akwa akwa ma ọ bụ polyethylene siri ike na ahịhịa ahịhịa, mgbe etinyere ahịrị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ nke mycelium n'etiti ahịrị ahịhịa. A na-eme oghere n'ime akpa nke ero ga-esi na ya pụta. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị mma maka ero, a na-ekwe nkwa nnukwu mkpụrụ.