Nwa akwụkwọ (nke sitere na nwa akwụkwọ Latin) bụ orifice okirikiri ojii, nke dị n'ogo anya n'etiti iris.

Ọnọdụ. Nwa akwụkwọ ahụ bụ oghere okirikiri etiti nke iris, na-enye ohere ka ìhè banye n'anya. N'ọkwa nke anya, nwa akwụkwọ na iris dị n'etiti oghere, na azụ, na cornea, n'ihu. (1)

Nhazi Ihe mejupụtara iris bụ sel anụ ahụ nke na-etolite akwara abụọ (1):

• akwara sphincter nke nwa akwụkwọ ahụ, mkpụkọ ya na-ebelata dayameta nke nwa akwụkwọ ahụ. A na-eme ya site na eriri akwara parasympathetic, na-ekere òkè na sistemụ akwara autonomic.
• akwara dilator nke nwa akwụkwọ ahụ, nkwekọrịta nke na-abawanye dayameta nke nwa akwụkwọ ahụ. A na-eme ya site na eriri akwara ọmịiko, na-ekere òkè na sistemụ akwara autonomic.

Myosis/Mydriase. Miosis bụ mbelata nke nwa akwụkwọ ebe mydriasis bụ mgbasa nke nwa akwụkwọ.

Usoro onunu ogwu nke ìhè. A na-eji mọzụlụ iris tụọ ntinye ọkụ n'ime anya (1):

• A na-ebelata ntinye ọkụ mgbe akwara sphincter nke nwa akwụkwọ na-agbakọ. Nke a na-abụkarị mgbe anya na-eche ihu oke ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-ele ihe dị nso anya.
• A na-abawanye ntinye ọkụ mgbe akwara dilator nke nwa akwụkwọ nwere nkwekọrịta. Nke a bụ nke kachasị mgbe anya na-eche ihu ntinye ọkụ na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ na-ele ihe dị anya.

Ihe nkpuchi. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a dabara na mgbanwe nke oghere, nke dị n'azụ nwa akwụkwọ. Ọ na-egosipụta dị ka ihe efu nke ịhụ ụzọ, nke nwere ike iduga ìsì. A na-ahụ mgbanwe nke oghere anya site na mgbanwe na agba nke nwa akwụkwọ, nke na-apụta ìhè ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha kama oji.

Nwa akwukwo Adie. Ọrịa pathology, nke a ka amabeghị ihe kpatara ya, na-ebute mgbanwe nke innervation nke parasympathetic nke nwa akwụkwọ. (2)

Claude Bernard-Horner ọrịa. Nke a pathology kwekọrọ na ọdịda nke innervation ọmịiko na ngwa ngwa nke anya. Ihe na-akpata ọrịa a nwere ike imebi usoro ụjọ ahụ na etiti ụbụrụ, ọkpụkpụ azụ ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke akwara carotid. (2)

Oculomotor akwara palsy. Nri akwara cranial nke atọ, akwara III, ma ọ bụ akwara oculomotor bụ maka ntinye nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke akwara anya na extraocular gụnyere akpan akpan parasympathetic innervation nke akwara sphincter nke nwa akwụkwọ. Mkpọnwụ nke akwara a nwere ike imetụta ọhụụ. (2)

Glaucoma. Ọrịa anya a na-ebute site na mmebi nke irighiri akwara anya. Ọ nwere ike imetụta ọhụụ.

Presbyopia. Ejikọtara ya na afọ, ọ dabara na mfu na-aga n'ihu nke ike anya ịnabata ya. Ọ bụ n'ihi nkwụsị nke oghere nke oghere.

Ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ. Dabere na pathology, enwere ike ịnye ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche, gụnyere nsị anya (mkpọda anya). (3)

Ọgwụgwọ Symptomatic. Maka ụfọdụ pathologies, enwere ike inye iwu iyi uwe, ọkachasị iko tinted. (4)

Ọgwụgwọ ịwa ahụ. Dabere n'ụdị pathology, enwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ịwa ahụ dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmịpụta nke oghere na ntinye nke oghere artificial n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nke cataracts.

Nyocha anụ ahụ. A na-eme nyocha nke ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ n'usoro n'oge nyocha anya (dịka: fundus). Ọ na-enye ohere ịnye ọtụtụ ozi.

Nyocha ọgwụ. Enwere ike ịme ule ọgwụ ọgwụ na akpan akpan apraclonidine, ma ọ bụ ọbụna pilocarpine iji chọpụta mgbanwe na mmeghachi omume ụmụ akwụkwọ. (3)

Nyocha onyonyo ahụike. MRI, magnetik resonance angiography, computed tomography ma ọ bụ ọbụna pupillography nwere ike iji mechaa nchoputa.

Ọdịdị anya na-acha uhie uhie na foto metụtara choroid, otu n'ime membranes nke anya bọlbụ anya, nke bara ụba na arịa ọbara. Mgbe esere foto, ọkụ nwere ike ime ka anya dị ọkụ na mberede. Ya mere nwata akwụkwọ ahụ enweghị oge iweghachite ma mee ka ọ pụta ìhè choroid uhie. (1)