Site n'oge uto ruo na nsọpụ, ovaries bụ ebe a na-eme ihe n'oge. Nkeji mbụ nke usoro ịhụ nsọ a, usoro follicular dabara na ntozu oke nke follicle ovarian nke, n'oge ịmụ nwa, ga-ahapụ oocyte dị njikere itolite. Hormone abụọ, LH na FSH, dị mkpa maka oge follicular a.

A mụrụ nwa agbọghọ ọ bụla na, na ovaries, ngwaahịa nke ọtụtụ narị puku ihe a na-akpọ primordial follicles, nke ọ bụla nwere oocyte. Kwa ụbọchị 28 ọ bụla ma ọ bụ karịa, site na ntozu okè ruo na nsọpụ, usoro ovarian na-ewere ọnọdụ na ntọhapụ nke oocyte - ovulation - site na otu n'ime ovaries abụọ ahụ.

Oge nsọ nsọ a nwere usoro atọ dị iche iche:

• akụkụ nke follicular;
• l'okenye;
• akụkụ luteal, ma ọ bụ akụkụ post-ovulatory.

The follicular na-amalite na ụbọchị mbụ nke nsọ nsọ na-agwụ n'oge ovulation, ya mere dịruru nkezi nke 14 ụbọchị (n'elu a 28-ụbọchị okirikiri). Ọ dabara na usoro maturation follicular, n'oge nke a ga-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ nke primordial follicles wee malite itolite ha. Nke a folliculogenesis gụnyere isi nkebi abụọ:

• mmalite mbanye nke follicles: ọnụ ọgụgụ ụfọdụ nke primordial follicles (ihe dị ka puku puku abụọ na ise nke otu millimita na dayameta) ga-etolite ruo n'ókè nke tertiary follicles (ma ọ bụ anthrax);
• uto nke antral follicles na pre-ovulatory follicle: otu n'ime antral follicles ga-apụ apụ n'òtù na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ekpochapụ. Nke a na-akpọ isi follicle ga-erute ogbo nke pre-ovulatory follicle, ma ọ bụ De Graaf follicle nke, n'oge ovulation, ga-ahapụ ihe oocyte.

N'oge usoro nke follicle, nwanyị ahụ anaghị enwe mmetụta ọ bụla pụrụ iche, ewezuga mmalite nsọ nsọ nke na-egosi mmalite nke okirikiri ovarian ọhụrụ na ya mere mmalite nke usoro follicular.

"Ndị nduzi" nke okirikiri ovarian a bụ homonụ dị iche iche zoro ezo site na hypothalamus na pituitary gland, glands abụọ dị na isi ụbụrụ.

• hypothalamus na-ezobe neurohormone, GnRH (hormone na-ahapụ gonadotropin) nke a na-akpọ LH-RH, nke ga-akpali pituitary gland;
• na nzaghachi, gland pituitary na-ezobe FSH, ma ọ bụ hormone na-akpali akpali, nke ga-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ụfọdụ nke primordial follicles na-abanye n'ime uto;
• follicles ndị a n'aka nke ha na-ezobe estrogen nke ga-eme ka oghere uterine sie ike iji kwado akpanwa iji nweta akwa nwere ike ime;
• mgbe a na-ahọrọ follicle pre-ovulatory nke kachasị, estrogen secretion na-abawanye nke ọma, na-eme ka mmụba na LH (hormone luteinizing). N'okpuru mmetụta nke LH, esemokwu nke mmiri n'ime follicle na-abawanye. The follicle emecha agbaji wee hapụ oocyte ya. Ọ bụ ovulation.

Enweghị usoro follicular, ọ dịghị n'ezie ovulation. A na-akpọ nke a anovulation (enweghị ovulation) ma ọ bụ dysovulation (nsogbu ovulation), nke abụọ na-ebute enweghị mmepụta nke oocyte na-eme nri, ya mere enweghị ọmụmụ. Ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ na mmalite:

• nsogbu na pituitary ma ọ bụ hypothalamus (hypogonadism nke "elu" si malite), nke na-akpata ụkọ hormonal na-anọghị ma ọ bụ ezughị ezu. Nnukwu nzuzo nke prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) bụ ihe na-akpatakarị arụrụ ọrụ a. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi adenoma pituitary (akpụ akpụ na-adịghị mma nke gland pituitary), n'ịṅụ ọgwụ ụfọdụ (neuroleptics, antidepressants, morphine ...) ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ọrịa n'ozuzu (na-adịghị ala ala gbasara akụrụ, hyperthyroidism, ...). Mmetụta dị ịrịba ama, ujo mmetụta uche, oke ibu ibu nwekwara ike igbochi ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke axis hypathalamic-pituitary ma mee ka anovulation na-agafe agafe;
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ma ọ bụ ovary dystrophy, bụ ihe na-akpatakarị nsogbu nke ovulation. N'ihi nkwụsị nke hormonal, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịghị mma nke follicles na-agbakọta ma ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-abịarute ntozu okè.
• dysfunction ovarian (ma ọ bụ hypogonadism nke "ala" sitere) congenital (n'ihi a chromosomal abnormality, Turner syndrome dị ka ihe atụ) ma ọ bụ enwetara (na-eso chemotherapy ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ);
• mmalite menopause, na ịka nká nke ihe nchekwa oocyte. Ihe na-akpata mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi nwere ike ịbụ na mmalite nke ihe a.

Na ọnụnọ nke anovulation ma ọ bụ dysovulation, a pụrụ inye onye ọrịa ọgwụgwọ maka mkpali ovarian. Ọgwụgwọ a bụ nke na-akpali akpali uto nke otu follicles ma ọ bụ karịa. Protocol dị iche iche dị. Ụfọdụ na-eji clomiphene citrate, bụ ọgwụ antiestrogen nke ọnụ na-aghọ nke na-aghọgbu ụbụrụ n'iche na ọkwa estradiol dị ntakịrị, na-eme ka ọ zoo FSH iji kpalie follicles. Ndị ọzọ na-eji gonadotropins, nkwadebe injectable nwere FSH na / ma ọ bụ LH nke ga-akwado ntozu nke follicles. N'okwu abụọ ahụ, n'ime usoro iwu ahụ, a na-agbaso onye ọrịa mgbe niile na nlekota nke gụnyere nyocha ọbara iji tụọ ọkwa hormone na nyocha nke ultrasound iji chịkwaa ọnụ ọgụgụ na uto nke follicles. Ozugbo follicles ndị a dị njikere, a na-ebute ovulation site na ịgbanye HCG.