Ndị ọgba aghara endocrine: ebee ka ha na -ezo?

Ndị ọgba aghara endocrine: ebee ka ha na -ezo?

Endocrine disruptor: gịnị ka ọ bụ?

Ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine gụnyere ezinụlọ buru ibu nke ogige, nke sitere n'okike ma ọ bụ nke sịntetik, nke nwere ike imekọrịta ihe na usoro hormonal. Iji kpachapụta ha, nkọwa nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa nke 2002 bụ nkwekọrịta: “Onye nwere ike ịkpaghasị ọrịa endocrine bụ ihe na-apụ apụ ma ọ bụ ngwakọta, nwere ihe onwunwe nke nwere ike ịkpata ọgba aghara endocrine n'ime akụkụ ahụ na-adịghị emebi emebi, n'ime ụmụ ya. ma ọ bụ n'ime ndị obodo. "

Usoro hormonal nke mmadụ bụ nke endocrine glands: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, ovaries, testes, wdg. Nke ikpeazụ na-ezobe homonụ, "ndị ozi kemịkalụ" nke na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ọrụ physiological nke organism: metabolism, ọrụ ịmụ nwa, usoro ụjọ, wdg. Ya mere, ndị na-akpaghasị ọrịa endocrine na-egbochi gland endocrine ma na-akpaghasị usoro hormonal.

Ọ bụrụ na nyocha na-egosi mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke ọtụtụ endocrine na-akpaghasị ogige na ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi, ole na ole n'ime ha egosila na ha bụ "ndị na-akpaghasị endocrin" ruo taa. Agbanyeghị, a na-enyo ọtụtụ ndị nwere ụdị ọrụ a.

Maka ezi ihe kpatara ya, nsí nke onyinye site na mmebi nke sistemu endocrine na-adabere n'ụdị dị iche iche:

  • Usoro ihe ngosi: ike, adịghị ike, adịghị ala ala;

  • Mmetụta mgbanwe mgbanwe: ihe ize ndụ ahụike nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na-emetụta onye ahụ ekpughere, kamakwa ụmụ ha;

  • Mmetụta Cocktail: nchikota nke ọtụtụ ogige na obere doses - mgbe ụfọdụ na-enweghị ihe ize ndụ mgbe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ - nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta na-emebi emebi.

    • Mechanisms nke ọrụ nke endocrine disrupters

    Ụdị omume niile nke ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine ka bụ isiokwu nke ọtụtụ nyocha. Mana usoro omume a maara nke ọma, nke dị iche dabere na ngwaahịa ndị a tụlere, gụnyere:

    • Mgbanwe nke mmepụta nke hormones eke - estrogen, testosterone - site na itinye aka na usoro ha nke njikọ, njem, ma ọ bụ nsị;

  • Na-eṅomi omume nke homonụ sitere n'okike site n'iji dochie ha na usoro ndu ha na-achịkwa. Nke a bụ mmetụta agonist: nke a bụ ihe gbasara Bisphenol A;

  • Na-egbochi omume nke hormones eke site na ijikọta onwe ha na ndị na-anabata ya nke ha na-ejikarị emekọrịta ihe na igbochi nnyefe nke mgbaàmà hormonal - mmetụta na-emegide.

    • Isi mmalite nke ikpughe na endocrine disrupters

    E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ isi kpughee ọrịa endocrine.

    Chemicals na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe

    Isi mmalite nke izizi gbasara kemịkalụ na ngwaahịa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Edepụtara ihe karịrị otu puku ngwaahịa, nke ụdị kemịkal dị iche iche. N'ime ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ:

    • Bisphenol A (BPA), etinyere ya n'ihi na ọ dị na nri na plastik ndị na-abụghị nri: karama egwuregwu, ihe ndị mejupụtara eze na ihe mkpuchi eze, arịa maka ndị na-ekesa mmiri, ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu, CD na DVD, anya anya anya anya, ngwa ahụike, arịa , ihe mkpuchi plastik. , Mkpọ na aluminom Mkpọ. Na 2018, European Commission debere oke mbugharị maka BPA na 0,6 milligrams kwa kilo nke nri. A machibidoro iji ya mee ihe na karama ụmụaka;

  • Phthalates, otu kemịkalụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji rọba siri ike dị ka polyvinyl chloride (PVC) na-adị mfe ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe: ákwà mgbochi ịsa ahụ, ụfọdụ ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu, mkpuchi vinyl, akpa akpụkpọ anụ faux na uwe, ọgwụ biomedical, ụdị ngwaahịa, nlekọta na ngwaahịa ịchọ mma na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. Na France, amachibidoro iji ha eme ihe kemgbe Mee 3, 2011;

  • Dioxins: anụ, ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi, azụ na azụ;

  • Furans, obere molecule a na-emepụta n'oge usoro ikpo ọkụ nke nri, dị ka isi nri ma ọ bụ igba ogwu: ite ígwè, ite iko, nri na-ekpo ọkụ, kọfị a ṅara n'ọkụ, ite nwa ọhụrụ ...;

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nke sitere na ọkụ na-ezughị ezu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ dị ka mmanụ ọkụ, osisi, ụtaba: ikuku, mmiri, nri;

  • Parabens, ihe nchekwa eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa: ọgwụ, ihe ịchọ mma, ngwaahịa ịdị ọcha na ụlọ ọrụ nri;

  • Organochlorines (DDT, chlordecone, wdg) eji na ngwaahịa nchebe osisi: fungicides, pesticides, herbicides, wdg;

  • Butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) na butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), ihe mgbakwunye nri megide oxidation: creams, lotions, moisturizers, lip balms and sticks, pencils and eye shadows, nri nkwakọ, ọka, ịta chịngọm, anụ , margarine, ofe na ihe oriri ndị ọzọ akpọnwụwo nkụ…;

  • Alkylphenol: agba, ihe nchacha, pesticides, ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ PVC, ngwaahịa agba ntutu, lotions afụcha afụ, mkpofu a na-ewepụ, ude ịkpụ, spermicides…;

  • Cadmium, carcinogen na-etinye aka na ọrịa cancer akpa ume: plastik, ceramics na iko agba, sel nickel-cadmium na batrị, foto, PVC, pesticides, ụtaba, mmiri ọṅụṅụ na ihe ndị dị na sekit eletrik; ma n'ụfọdụ nri: soy, nri mmiri, ahụekere, mkpụrụ osisi sunflower, ụfọdụ ọka na mmiri ara ehi.

  • Brominated ire ere retardants na mercury: ụfọdụ akwa, ngwá ụlọ, mattresses, eletrọnịkị ngwaahịa, moto, temometa, ọkụ bulbs, batrị, ụfọdụ ude na-amụba akpụkpọ, antiseptik ude, anya tụlee, wdg;

  • Triclosan, a sịntetik multi-application antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, mgbochi tartar na preservative, dị ugbu a n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa dị ka: ncha, ntacha eze, enyemaka mbụ na ihe otutu, ihe ịchọ mma, ude ịkpụ ntutu, mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ , ndị na-eme ka ihe na-edozi ahụ, deodorants, ịsa ahụ. ákwà mgbochi, sponges kichin, ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka, uwe egwuregwu na ụfọdụ ụdị plastik;

  • Ndu: batrị ụgbọ ala, ọkpọkọ, eriri USB, ngwá electronic, agba na ụfọdụ ihe egwuregwu, pigments, PVC, ọla na enyo enyo;

  • Tin na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya, nke a na-eji na ihe mgbaze;

  • Teflon na ogige ndị ọzọ perfluorinated (PFCs): ụfọdụ ude ahụ, ọgwụgwọ maka kapeeti na akwa akwa, nkwakọ nri na nri nri, egwuregwu na akụrụngwa ọgwụ, uwe na-adịghị mmiri, wdg;

  • Na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ

    • Hormone eke ma ọ bụ sịntetik

    Isi iyi nke abụọ nke ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine bụ homonụ eke - estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, wdg - ma ọ bụ njikọ. Mgbochi afọ ime, nnọchi homonụ, ọgwụgwọ homonụ… A na-ejikarị ngwaahịa sịntetik na-eṅomi mmetụta nke homonụ ebumpụta ụwa na ọgwụ. Agbanyeghị, homonụ ndị a na-esonyere gburugburu ebe obibi site na mkpofu mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ.

    Na France, National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES) ewepụtala ibipụta site na 2021 ndepụta nke ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine niile…

    Mmetụta na ihe ize ndụ nke endocrine disrupters

    Ihe ga-esi na ya pụta na ahụ, kpọmkwem maka onye ọ bụla endocrine disrupters, dị ọtụtụ:

    • Mmebi nke ọrụ ịmụ nwa;

  • Malformation nke akụkụ ọmụmụ;

  • Mmebi nke ọrụ thyroid, mmepe usoro ụjọ na mmepe nke ọgụgụ isi;

  • Mgbanwe na oke mmekọahụ;

  • -arịa ọrịa shuga;

  • oke ibu na nsogbu nke eriri afọ;

  • Ọrịa cancer na-adabere na hormone: mmepe nke etuto ahụ na anụ ahụ nke na-emepụta ma ọ bụ lekwasịrị anya hormone - thyroid, ara, testes, prostate, akpanwa, wdg;

  • Na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ

    • Ihe ngosi na utero nwere ike inwe nnukwu nsonaazụ maka ndụ dum:

    • Na nhazi nke ụbụrụ na arụmọrụ cognition;

  • Na mmalite nke ntozu;

  • Na usoro ibu arọ;

  • Na na ọrụ ọmụmụ.

    • Ndị na-akpaghasị Endocrine na Covid-19

    Mgbe ọmụmụ Danish nke mbụ na-akọwapụta ọrụ nke onye na-agba mmiri na oke Covid-19, nke abụọ na-akwado itinye aka nke ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine na oke ọrịa a. Ndị otu Inserm nke Karine Audouze na-edu, bipụtara na Ọktoba 2020, ọ na-ekpughe na ikpughe na kemịkalụ na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine nwere ike igbochi akara dị iche iche nke ndu na ahụ mmadụ na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịdị njọ nke ọrịa ahụ. Covid19.

    Endocrine disruptors: otu esi egbochi ha?

    Ọ bụrụ na ọ siri ike ịgbanahụ ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine, ụfọdụ ezigbo àgwà nwere ike inye aka chebe ha ọbụna ntakịrị:

    • A na-ewere rọba ihu ọma dị ka ihe nchekwa: Polyethylene dị elu ma ọ bụ Polyethylene dị elu (HDPE), Polyethylene dị ala ma ọ bụ obere njupụta polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP);

  • Machibidoro plastik nwere ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine nke egosipụtara na ihe ize ndụ ha nwere: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC);

  • Zere plastik nwere eserese foto: 3 PVC, 6 PS na 7 PC n'ihi mmụba ha na-emerụ ahụ n'okpuru mmetụta nke okpomọkụ;

  • Machibido Teflon pans ma kwado igwe anaghị agba nchara;

  • Jiri iko ma ọ bụ seramiiki maka oven microwave na maka nchekwa;

  • Na-asa mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri iji kpochapụ ọtụtụ pesticides dị ka o kwere mee ma kwado ngwaahịa sitere na ọrụ ugbo;

  • Zere mgbakwunye E214-219 (parabens) na E320 (BHA);

  • Jiri nlezianya gụọ akara nke ịdị ọcha na ngwaahịa mma, na-akwado akwụkwọ nri organic ma machibido ndị nwere ogige ndị a: Butylparaben, propylparaben, sodium butylparaben, sodium propylparaben, potassium butylparaben, potassium propylparaben, BHA, BHT, Cyclopentasiloxane, cyclotetrasiloxane, cyclomethicone, Ethylnaxixmate Benzophenone-1, benzophenone-3, Triclosan, wdg;

  • Wepu ọgwụ nje (fungicides, herbicides, ụmụ ahụhụ, wdg);

  • Na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ

    • Nkume a-aza