Osisi osisi cedar

Cheta ahịrị ndị sitere na Tale of Tsar Saltan?

Osa na-abụ abụ

Ee, ọ na-ata ahụhụ niile,

Ma mkpụrụ adịghị mfe,

Shei niile bụ ọla edo,

Nuclei bụ emerald dị ọcha.

Pushkin na-akpọ osisi spruce a. Ma, o doro anya na ọ maghị botany nke ọma, n'ihi na spruce enweghị mkpụrụ. Ha dị nso n'osisi cedar. Ma ndị a bụ otu n'ime mkpụrụ osisi kachasị ọnụ, ya mere "akwa ọla edo" na "kernels bụ emerald dị ọcha" dị mma maka ha.

Ụdị osisi cedar

Na ebe a bụ eziokwu ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị: cedar pine abụghị otu ụdị. E nwere anọ n'ime ha na okike!

Siberia

Osisi cedar nke Siberia (Pinus sibirica) bụ osisi buru ibu, ọ na-eru 20 - 25 m n'ịdị elu, ma e nwere ihe atụ nke 35 - 40 m nke ọ bụla. Na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ogwe ya nwere ike iru 2 m. Ya bụ, ọ bụrụ na ị ga-akụ ya na saịtị ahụ, tụlee akụkụ Ọ chọrọ nnukwu ohere.

Okpueze nke pine fir Siberia dị oke, nwere alaka siri ike ma na-enwekarị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu. Ọ dị ihe dịka 8 m n'obosara. Agịga ndị ahụ dị ogologo, ruo 15 cm ma dị nro. Anakọtara na ngwugwu nke agịga 5.

Ụdị osisi cedar a na-ebi ná nkezi ruo ihe dị ka afọ 250, ma n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Altai, e nwere ihe atụ ndị afọ ha dị 800 - 850 afọ! Site n'ụzọ, ọ bụ Altai ka a na-ewere dị ka ebe ọmụmụ Siberia pine. Ọtụtụ n'ime osisi ndị a (80%) na-eto na obodo anyị. Enwere ike ịhụ 20% fọdụrụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Kazakhstan na n'ebe ugwu Mongolia.

Osisi pine ndị tozuru okè na-amịpụta nkezi nke kilogram 12 nke mkpụrụ kwa afọ, mana ụfọdụ osisi nwere ike ịmị ihe ruru kilogram 50. Cone ọ bụla nwere mkpụrụ 30-150, mana ha na-eto ogologo oge - ọnwa 14-15. Cedar pine malitere ịmị mkpụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 60! Ma ọ na-eme emechaa. Ọ na-enye ezigbo owuwe ihe ubi 1 oge na 3 - 10 afọ, ma ọtụtụ mgbe otu ugboro kwa afọ 4 (1). Ị ghọtara ugbu a ihe kpatara mkpụrụ ji jiri ọla edo-emeralds tụnyere?

Ortsdị

The selection of Siberian cedar pines in Our Country is carried out by the Institute of Forests. V.N. Sukachev of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences, as well as private nurseries. As of 2021, the catalog of the Society for Breeding and Introduction of Conifers lists 58 varieties of Siberian pine (2).

Ndị ọkachamara na-ekewa ụdị na clones nke osisi cedar Siberia n'ime otu atọ.

Mkpụrụ osisi toro ogologo - ha na-eru otu elu dị ka ndị ikwu ha ọhịa, ma cones na-enye ọtụtụ ihe na mbụ - ugbua 2 afọ mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, na mgbe 10 - 12 afọ ha ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke fruiting.

FDA. A na-akpọ ụdị osisi a aha aha mbụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị Fyodor Dmitrievich Avrov, bụ onye tinyere ndụ ya niile n'ịmụ ihe gbasara osisi coniferous. Osisi ndị ahụ toro ogologo, na-enye 30 cm uto kwa afọ wee ruo 10 m site na afọ 4,5. agịga ahụ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, 10-11 cm ogologo. Ndị cones bụ nke zuru oke, na mkpụrụ nke clone a dị okpukpu abụọ karịa nke ndị ikwu ọhịa ya. Enweghị nsogbu na-eguzogide frosts ruo -2 Celsius.

Kress (Kress). Nke a dịgasị iche iche ewebatara n'ime cultivation na 1992 na aha mgbe mbụ gọvanọ nke Tomsk mpaghara, Viktor Kress. Osisi ahụ toro ogologo, na-enye uto nke 30 cm kwa oge ma rute elu 10 m site na afọ 4,5. Agịga ndị ahụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ihe dịka 10 cm ogologo. Ọ na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ na-esote afọ mgbe grafting. Mkpụrụ ahụ dị okpukpu abụọ dị elu karịa nke pine ọhịa. Ma ọkpụkpụ ndị ahụ dị ntakịrị ntakịrị. Na-eguzogide frosts ruo -2 Celsius.

Mkpụrụ osisi na-eto ala - ịdị elu ha sitere na 20 ruo 50% nke elu osisi pine ọhịa. Ndị a bụ ihe a na-akpọ "brooms amoosu" (BM) - ngbanwe eke nke alaka nke ọ bụla, nke a na-eji obere uto na compactness mara. A na-anyadokwa ha na osisi ndị ọzọ wee gbasaa. Ha na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ 4-5 afọ mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ma nye ọtụtụ cones iri na abuo - ha pere mpe, mana ha zuru oke. Otú ọ dị, enwere nsogbu - clones n'onwe ha adịghị emepụta pollen. Na Siberia, ụdị dị otú ahụ na-enye owuwe ihe ubi n'enweghị nsogbu, ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ọtụtụ osisi cedar na-eto eto na taiga, na n'akụkụ Europe nke mba anyị, ha chọrọ ụdị pollinator pụrụ iche.

Onye na-edekọ ihe (Rekordistka). Nke a clone nwetara aha ya n'ihi na-enweghị atụ ọmụmụ - ya mkpụrụ bụ 10 (!) ugboro elu karịa nke ọhịa pine (1). Na omenala kemgbe 1995. Osisi ndị dị ala, site na afọ 10 ha ruru 30 - 90 cm, maka otu oge ha na-enye mmụba nke naanị 2,5 - 7,5 cm. agịga bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mkpụmkpụ - 5 - 7 cm. Cones fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro 2 dị ntakịrị karịa nke ụdị. Igwe oyibo na-eguzogide oyi, na-eguzogide ruo -40 Celsius.

Osisi (Plantationnyj). Aha ụdị dị iche iche a na-ekwukwa maka onwe ya - a na-atụ aro ya maka ịtọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, n'ihi na mkpụrụ ya dị okpukpu 4 karịa nke pine ọhịa. Na omenala kemgbe 1998. Ogologo osisi dị na 10 afọ bụ 0,9 - 1,8 m. N'oge ọkọchị, ọ na-abawanye 7,5-15 cm. Agịga ahụ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, dị mkpụmkpụ karịa ụdị - 8 - 9 cm ogologo. Cones dịkwa ntakịrị ntakịrị - 80% nke ụdị nha. Na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ ozugbo grafting.

Onye isi ala (President). E webatara clone a na omenala na 1992. Na 2002, e gosipụtara otu osisi maka ncheta afọ 50 nke Onye isi ala anyị Vladimir Putin ma nyekwa ụdị dị iche iche aha iji sọpụrụ ya.

Ná mmalite - Putin, mgbe ahụ, ha degharịrị aha ya President (ị ga-achọpụta ihe mere na nkọwa nke ọzọ dịgasị iche iche). Ugbu a, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụdị osisi fir Siberia kachasị ewu ewu. Ogologo osisi ahụ site na afọ 10 bụ 0,9 - 1,8 m. Ugbo kwa afọ bụ 7,5-15 cm. Mkpụrụ ahụ dị okpukpu 5 karịa nke ụdị ahụ, mana cone dị ntakịrị ntakịrị (80% nke eke). Agịga dị ntakịrị mkpụmkpụ (7 - 8 cm), mana okpukpu atọ karịa. Enweghị nsogbu na-eguzogide frosts ruo -3 Celsius.

Oligarch (Oligarch). The variety was introduced into cultivation in 1992 and named after the well-known oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky at that time. Initially, this clone only had the working name “clone 03”. But in 2003, one such tree was presented to Khodorkovsky. And they decided that they would name him in honor of the eminent recipient – Khodorkovsky. However, a few days later, the famous oligarch was arrested. A little later, journalists from the Healthy Food Near Me newspaper arrived at the nursery where these two clones were bred, and an article was published in the network: “Not only Khodorkovsky, but also Putin, was imprisoned in Tomsk.” Well, that is, it was about new cedar pines. But the author of these varieties, out of harm’s way, decided to rename them President and Oligarch.

Oligarch bụ osisi kwụ ọtọ, site na afọ 10 ọ na-eru elu 0,9 - 1,8 m, na-eto site na 7 - 15 cm kwa oge. The agịga bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mkpụmkpụ karịa nke ụdị pines, naanị 5 - 6 cm ogologo, ma 4 ugboro karịa . Mkpụrụ nke clone a bụ 7-8 ugboro karịa nke ụdị. Mana cones dị okpukpu 2 karịa. Fruiting otu afọ mgbe grafting. Nguzogide oyi - ruo -40 Celsius.

Avrov. Nke a dịgasị iche iche, dị ka si na FDA, raara nye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Dmitry Avrov na aha ya. Ewebata ya na omenala na 1994. Osisi ya bụ dwarf, na 10 afọ, ịdị elu ha bụ nanị 30 - 90 cm, maka otu afọ, ha na-enye mmụba nke 2,5 - 7,5 cm. Agịga ahụ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mkpụmkpụ (5 - 7 cm), mana ha dị okpukpu 3 karịa nke ụdị okike. Cones na mkpụrụ osisi dị okpukpu abụọ dị obere karịa nke pine ọhịa, mana mkpụrụ dị elu ugboro 2-3. Nguzogide oyi - ruo -4 Celsius.

N'ime ụdị ndị ọzọ na-arụpụta ihe, mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ (na brackets, a na-egosi ugboro ole ha dị elu na mkpụrụ osisi pine): Seminsky (7) Altyn-Kol (5) Ya na ya (4) Stoktysh (4) Highlander (4) (2).

Ụdị ornamental dị ala na-eto eto - ha nwere okpueze dị nro nke ụdị ziri ezi, mgbe ụfọdụ na agba nke agịga na-adịghị ahụkebe, ha na-etokwa nwayọọ nwayọọ.

Narcissus. Ụdị dwarf a nwere ọdịdị okirikiri. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 10, ọ na-eru 30-90 cm. Agịga ya na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na-adị mfe karịa nke ụdị pine. Agịga dị mkpụmkpụ (5 - 7 cm) na 8 ugboro karịa. Ọ naghị etolite cones, ma ọ bụrụ na ha apụta, ha alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ naanị afọ 2-3 mbụ mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ gasịrị. Na-eguzogide frosts ruo -40 Celsius. Mgbe ụfọdụ (adịkarịghị) ọ na-ere ọkụ ntakịrị n'oge opupu ihe ubi. Na-achọ ihe kwa afọ stonecrop nke okpueze si ochie akpọnwụ agịga.

Emerald (izumrud). Aha ụdị dị iche iche na-egosipụta isi ihe ya - agịga ya nwere turquoise hue. Igwe oyibo bụ ọkara-dwarf, site na afọ 10 ọ ruru elu 90 - 1,8 m, uto kwa afọ bụ 7,5 - 15 cm. Okpueze ahụ dị obosara, kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ oval. Agịga ndị ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, 5-7 cm, mana 4 karịa nke pine ndị akọwapụtara. Ụdị dị iche iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ nke ihe ịchọ mma, ma na-amị mkpụrụ nke ọma - mkpụrụ nke cones bụ 2,5 ugboro dị elu karịa nke ndị ikwu ọhịa ya. Ma ha dị okpukpu abụọ karịa. Ụdị dị iche iche na-eguzogide ntu oyi, na-eguzogide ruo -2 Celsius C. Ma ọ nwere ike imetụta pesti - Hamis, ya mere, ọ na-achọ ọgwụgwọ mgbochi kwa afọ na usoro ụmụ ahụhụ (Engio ma ọ bụ Atkara). Otu ugboro n'afọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, ọ dị mkpa ka a kpochapụ agịga akọrọ site na okpueze.

Biosphere (Biosphere). Nke a bụ otu n'ime ụdị mbụ ịchọ mma nke Siberia pine nwere okpueze okirikiri. N'ezie, ọ dị anya site na ezigbo bọọlụ - ọ bụ oval. Osisi ahụ bụ dwarf, na 10 afọ ọ nwere elu 30 - 90 cm ma na-eto site na 2,5 - 7,5 cm kwa afọ. Agịga ahụ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, dị mkpụmkpụ karịa nke ụdị pines (ihe dị ka 7 cm), mana 5-6 ka ukwuu. Ụdị dị iche iche na-amị mkpụrụ - mkpụrụ ya dị okpukpu abụọ karịa nke pine ọhịa. Mana cones dị okpukpu 2 karịa. Nguzogide oyi dị oke elu - ruo -2 Celsius. Otu ugboro n'afọ, ịkwesịrị ikpochapụ agịga ochie site na okpueze.

European

Osisi cedar nke Europe (Pinus cembra) na-emekarị na Europe, oke ya dị ntakịrị ma gbadokwasị ya n'ebe abụọ: site na ndịda France ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alps, na Tatra na Carpathian ugwu.

Ụdị a dị ala karịa ndị ikwu Siberia cedar pine - ịdị elu na-abụkarị ihe dịka 10 - 15 m, ma ọ nwere ike iru 25 m. Na dayameta nke ogwe ahụ ruru 1,5 m. Ogologo agịga ahụ dị 5 - 9 cm, anakọtara na ụyọkọ pcs 5. Cones dị obere, 4-8 cm ogologo, ma mkpụrụ ndị buru ibu - ihe dịka 1 cm ogologo.

Osisi pine a na-ekpo ọkụ karịa nwanne ya nwanyị Siberia, na-eguzogide frosts ruo -34 Celsius C, mana ọ na-eto nke ọma na Moscow - enwere ọtụtụ osisi na Biryulevsky arboretum.

Ortsdị

O nwere ụdị dị ole na ole, mana ọ ka nwere nhọrọ.

Glauka (Glauca). Site na afọ 10, osisi na-eru elu 2,5 - 3 m. agịga ya dị ogologo, anakọtara na ụyọkọ pcs 5. Bara uru maka agba na-adịghị ahụkebe nke agịga - ọ bụ bluish-ọlaọcha. Nguzogide oyi - ruo -34 Celsius.

Ortler (Ortler). Ọdịiche dị ụkọ nke bụ clone nke “azịza amoosu” sitere na Alps. Osisi ndị ahụ dị ntakịrị, kọmpat, mgbe ọ dị afọ 10 ọ naghị agafe 30-40 cm, na-enye mmụba nke 3-4 cm kwa afọ. Ọdịdị nke okpueze ahụ bụ okirikiri, na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ome nke ogologo dị iche iche, ya mere osisi na-adịkarị ka bonsai. agịga dị mkpụmkpụ, acha anụnụ anụnụ-agba ntụ-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

Glauca Trento (Glauca Trento). This is a variety, a clone of a wild pine from Northern Italy – from the outskirts of the city of Trento. In culture since 1996. Trees by the age of 10 years reach a height of 1,8 – 4,5 m and give an increase of 15 – 30 cm per year. Needles 8-9 cm long, blue-green. Fruiting begins a few years after vaccination. The harvest of cones does not give every year, but it is formed from a lot. The frost resistance of this variety is much higher than that of its European ancestors – up to -45 ° C.

Spb (spb). Enyere aha ụdị dị iche iche maka nsọpụrụ St. Petersburg. Na omenala kemgbe 1997. Ọ na-eto ngwa ngwa, 30 cm kwa afọ wee rute elu 10 m site na afọ 4,5. Agịga ahụ dị ogologo, ihe dịka 10 cm, agba ndụ ndụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ afọ 10-15 mgbe grafting gasịrị. A naghị emepụta cones kwa afọ, mana n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Nguzogide oyi - ruo -45 Celsius.

Korean

Osisi pine Korea (Pinus koraiensis) na-eto ọhịa na Korea, Japan, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke China na site na obodo anyị - na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mpaghara Amur, na Primorsky na Khabarovsk Territories. Na obodo anyị, ọ dị ụkọ ma depụtara ya na Red Book.

Osisi ndị ahụ toro ogologo, na-eru 40-50 m, na ogwe ndị ahụ ruru mita 2 n'obosara. Agịga dị ogologo, ruo 20 cm, anakọtara na ụyọkọ pcs 5. Ndị cones buru ibu, ruo 17 cm n'ogologo, mkpụrụ osisi na-erukwa ogologo 1,5 - 2 cm. Ihe ruru cones 500 nwere ike chara n'otu oge n'otu osisi toro eto, yana ihe ruru 150 mkpụrụ na nke ọ bụla. N'okpuru ọnọdụ okike, ọ na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ site na afọ 60 - 120, ihe ọkụkụ na-amịpụta kwa afọ 3-4 ọ bụla. Osisi dị ndụ 350 - 400 afọ. Nguzogide ntu oyi nke osisi cedar Korea dị ịtụnanya - ruo -50 Celsius.

Ortsdị

Silverey (Silveray). Na ụdị dị iche iche a, agịga nwere ndò abụọ - akụkụ elu bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na akụkụ nke ala bụ acha anụnụ anụnụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-atụgharị agịga n'akụkụ akụkụ nke aka ha ma na-eduzi ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche, nke na-eme ka osisi ahụ dị nro. N'ihe dị ka afọ 10, ọ na-eru elu 3 m, na ụdị ndị okenye anaghị agafe 8 m. Ogologo agịga dị 9-20 cm. Cones ruru 17 cm. Nguzogide oyi, dị ka isi mmalite dị iche iche si kwuo, sitere na -34 Celsius C ruo -40 Celsius.

Jack Corbit. Ụdị ọzọ "curly", ma n'adịghị ka Silverey, bụ dwarf - na 10 afọ, ịdị elu ya adịghị agafe 1,5 m. Ọ na-eto 10-15 cm kwa afọ. Agịga ndị ahụ dị ogologo, ọlaọcha-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Cones dị obere, 10 cm ogologo. Ọ na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ na afọ 10-25. Na-eguzogide frosts ruo -40 Celsius.

N'obodo anyị, a họpụtakwara osisi cedar Korea, a na-amụkwa ihe karịrị ụdị iri abụọ ugbu a (20). N'ime ha, e nwere ndị obere, mgbe ọ dị afọ 1, ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 10 cm elu (Anton, Dauria, Thermohydrograviodynamicsdwarf - 30-90 cm (Alenka, Anastasia, Aristocrat, Bonsai, Femina, Gosh, Xenia, Pandora, Perun, Stribog) na ọkara dwarf - 0,9 - 1,8 m (Dersu, Kizlyar-aga, Patriarch, Svyatogor, Veles) (2).

elfin

Elfin pine (Pinus pumila) ka amara nke ọma na obodo anyị n'okpuru aha cedar elfin. Ebe bụ isi nke osisi a dị na mba anyị - ọ na-eto na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ Siberia nile - site na mpaghara Irkutsk ruo Sakhalin, na n'ebe ugwu ọ nwere ike ịhụ ọbụna n'ofe Arctic Circle. N'èzí, e nwere nanị obere mpaghara na Siberia dwarf pine - n'ugwu Mongolia, Northeast China na Korea.

Cedar elfin bụ osisi na-akpụ akpụ, 30 - 50 cm n'ịdị elu ma ọ na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ - 3 - 5 cm kwa afọ. agịga dị mkpụmkpụ, 4-8 cm ogologo, anakọtara na ụyọkọ ihe dịka pcs 5. Cones dị obere, 4-8 cm ogologo, mkpụrụ ahụ dịkwa obere - 5-9 mm. Ọ na-amị mkpụrụ kwa afọ 3-4. Na owuwe ihe ubi mbụ na-enye na afọ 20 - 30 afọ.

Ortsdị

Enwere naanị ụdị cedar elfin isii, a na-azụ ha niile na mba anyị (6): Alkanay, Ikawa, Yankus, Hamar-Daban, Kikimora, Kunashir. Ihe ndị a niile bụ clones nke mmụgharị eke. Ha dị iche na ọdịdị nke okpueze, ịdị elu, agba nke agịga (Kunashir, dịka ọmụmaatụ, acha anụnụ anụnụ) na ha niile dị nnọọ nro. A na-eji ha dị ka osisi ornamental. Ma ha niile na-amị mkpụrụ. Nguzogide oyi na ụdị ndị a ruru -45 Celsius.

Ịkụ osisi cedar

A na-azụta osisi cedar naanị site na usoro mgbọrọgwụ mechiri emechi, ya bụ, n'ime akpa - nwere mgbọrọgwụ na-enweghị mgbọrọgwụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbọrọgwụ. Ọ dịghị mkpa igwu nnukwu oghere maka ndị dị otú ahụ seedlings. Iwu maka ụdị ọ bụla bụ:

• dayameta olulu - 2 akpa dayameta;
• omimi olulu - 2 akpa elu.

Ọ bara uru ịwụsa oyi akwa nke drainage na ala nke olulu - 10 - 20 cm. Ọ nwere ike gbasaa ụrọ, nkume egwepịara ma ọ bụ brik gbajiri agbaji.

Ọ bụrụ na ala dị na saịtị ahụ dị arọ, ụrọ, ọ ka mma jupụta olulu ahụ na ala pụrụ iche maka conifers (a na-ere ya na ụlọ ahịa) ma ọ bụ kwadebe ngwakọta n'onwe gị - ala soddy, peat, ájá na nha 1: 2. : 2. Maka oghere ọ bụla, ịkwesịrị ịgbakwunye ịwụ nke ụwa site na oke ọhịa pine (na ọbụna karịa n'okpuru osisi cedar) - ọ nwere mycorrhiza, nke na-enyere osisi na-eto eto aka ịgbanye mgbọrọgwụ nke ọma na ebe ọhụrụ.

Ọ bara uru iji nlezianya kụọ osisi cedar nke ọma ka ọkpụkpụ ụrọ ghara ịdaba. Olu mgbọrọgwụ kwesịrị ịdị na ọkwa ala - nke a ga-enyocharịrị nke ọma.

Mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ, a ghaghị ịmị mkpụrụ osisi - 1-2 bọket kwa seedling, dabere na nha ya. Mgbe ịgbara mmiri, ọ ka mma ịkwanye ala - na pine ma ọ bụ larch ogbugbo, coniferous sawdust ma ọ bụ coniferous-awụba n'oké osimiri.

Ilekọta osisi cedar

Ụdị osisi cedar niile enweghị nkọwa na, n'ozuzu ha, ha chọrọ ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ maka itolite.

Ground

Osisi cedar na-eto n'ala ọ bụla, ọbụlagodi na aja na nkume. Ma nke kacha mma - na loamy na aja loamy ala na-eme nri - n'ebe ahụ ka ha na-enye mkpụrụ kachasị nke mkpụrụ (3).

Ọkụ

Osisi cedar niile bụ osisi fotophilous. Mgbe ha dị obere, ha nwere ike ịmalite na ndò - otu ihe ahụ na-eme na ọdịdị, ha na-etolite n'okpuru okpueze nke nnukwu osisi.

Enwere ike ịkụnye ụdị ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto na obere ndò - nke a agaghị emetụta uto na mmepe ha n'ụzọ ọ bụla, ma maka ụdị ịchọ mma, agba nke agịga ga-adị ntakịrị, na maka ụdị mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ ga-adị ntakịrị. Ya mere, ka mma ịchọta ha ebe na-egbuke egbuke.

.Gbara mmiri

Cedar pines chọrọ ka a na-agba ya mmiri naanị mgbe a kụrụ ya - maka izu 2 kwa ụbọchị 2-3, 1 ịwụ mmiri. N'ọdịnihu, ha kwesịrị ka a na-agba mmiri naanị na oke siri ike na ogologo oge.

Mgbe afọ 5 gasịrị, a kwụsịrị ịgbara mmiri kpamkpam - mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi cedar na-abanye n'ime ala ma nwee ike ịnweta mmiri maka onwe ha.

nri

Mgbe ị na-akụ osisi cedar, ọ bụrụ na ala adịghị mma, ọ bara uru itinye fatịlaịza organomineral dị mgbagwoju anya (nke ọ bụla), mana a ga-ebelata dose ya nke ọma - 30% nke ọnụego akwadoro kwesịrị itinye n'okpuru osisi ndị a.

Nri

Osisi cedar toro ogologo adịghị mkpa akwa akwa - ha nwere mgbọrọgwụ siri ike nke na-abanye n'ime omimi dị ukwuu ma na-eto nke ọma n'obosara, gafere ntule nke mgbọrọgwụ. Ya mere, ha ga-enwetara onwe ha ihe oriri.

Ma ekwesịrị inye nri pine na-enweghị obere nri - n'isi mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi nwere fatịlaịza pụrụ iche maka osisi coniferous (a na-ere ha n'ogige ogige ma edekwa ya n'elu ha: "Maka conifers." Naanị dose kwesịrị ibelata - naanị 30% nke akwadoro site na ya. emeputa.

Mmeputakwa nke osisi cedar

Inoculation. Otu a ka esi agbasa ọtụtụ osisi cedar dị iche iche. Ma usoro a na-ewe oge, na-achọ ihe ọmụma pụrụ iche, nke a na-emekarị site na nurseries. Ọ dị mfe ịzụta ihe ejikere anyadokwa osisi.

Mkpụrụ. A na-ejikarị usoro a eme ihe maka ịgbasa ụdị osisi, ya bụ, osisi ọhịa. Agbanyeghị, enwere ike ịgbasa ụdị dị iche iche site na mkpụrụ, mana naanị 50% nke mkpụrụ osisi na-ejigide akara nke ndị mụrụ ha. Ndị ọzọ, o yikarịrị, ga-adị ka osisi ọhịa.

Usoro adịghị mfe. Ekwesịrị ịgha mkpụrụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, na mbubreyo October - mmalite November. Ha ga-enwerịrị stratification, ya bụ, ikpughe na okpomọkụ oyi. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ha agaghị abịa. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, enwere ike ịgha mkpụrụ naanị mgbe mbido mbụ na friji maka ọnwa 1,5. Ma mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, dị ka egosipụtara site na nnwale na pine pine, ọnụ ọgụgụ germination dị elu - 77%, ebe ọ bụ 67% (4).

Mkpụrụ ga-adị ọhụrụ - ha nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke germination, ma ọ bụrụ na ha dinara ala, ọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu.

N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a ghaghị ịgha mkpụrụ n'elu ala ndị a na-akọ, ya bụ, ubi na ubi akwụkwọ nri adịghị mma maka nke a - e nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-akpata ọrịa, na mkpụrụ osisi pine enweghị ihe mgbochi nye ha. Ọ ka mma ịgha mkpụrụ n'ebe a tọgbọrọ chakoo, ebe a na-akụbeghị ihe ọ bụla, nke a na-egwubeghịkwa ụwa.

N'okpuru ịgha mkpụrụ, ịkwesịrị igwu trenchi 5-8 cm miri na 10 cm n'obosara. Wunye 3-5 cm nke coniferous-awụba n'oké osimiri na ala - elu oyi akwa nke ala nke osisi pine ha. Mgbe ahụ gbasaa mkpụrụ osisi - n'ebe dị anya 1 cm site na ibe ya. Na site n'elu, kpuchie ya na otu ala site na oke ọhịa pine nke nwere akwa akwa nke 1 - 3 cm.

Ome na-apụtakarị n'etiti ọnwa Mee. Ma n'oge a, ha kwesịrị inye nchebe site na nnụnụ - ha na-enwe mmasị iri nri na-eto eto pine-epulite. Ihe kachasị mfe bụ ịtọba alaka spruce ma ọ bụ pine n'elu ihe ọkụkụ.

N'afọ mbụ, seedlings na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ, site na njedebe nke oge okpomọkụ, ha ruru nha egwuregwu na obere ụyọkọ agịga n'elu. N'afọ 2, ha na-amụba ntakịrị ma na-agbatị ntakịrị - n'oge a, a ga-atụgharị ha, gbanye ya na ebe na-adịgide adịgide. Ekwesịrị ime nke a n'etiti Eprel ma ọ bụ etiti Ọktoba.

Ọrịa nke osisi cedar

Resin cancer seryanka na pine ọnya nchara. Ọrịa fungal ndị a na-egosipụta onwe ha n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ - ọzịza na-apụta na alaka, n'elu nke agịga ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpoo.

Nhọrọ kacha mma mgbe ha pụtara bụ igbutu osisi ma gbaa ya ọkụ ka osisi ndị ọzọ ghara ibute ọrịa - ọrịa ndị a na-emetụta ọtụtụ ụdị pine, gụnyere pine pine, prickly spruce rhododendrons, na site na osisi mkpụrụ osisi - osisi apụl, pears, currants, gooseberries, egwuregwu na ugwu ntụ. Ma o yighị ka onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị bi n'oge okpomọkụ ga-ewere nzọụkwụ dị otú ahụ, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere nanị otu osisi - ọ bụ ihe nwute! Ya mere, ị nwere ike ịgbalị ịkwụsị mmepe nke ọrịa ahụ - bepụ alaka niile emetụtara, wepụ agịga niile dara n'ala, na n'oge opupu ihe ubi na-emeso osisi na ọla kọpa sulphate.

Cedar pine pests

Enwere ọtụtụ n'ime ha, mana ozi ọma bụ na ị nwere ike ikpochapụ ha niile.

Osisi spruce. Ndị a miniature pests na-eri nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ nke na-eto eto pine agịga. Ị nwere ike ịmata ha site na ọdịdị nke agịga - ha na-amalite ịla n'iyi, dị ka a ga-asị na ọ na-ada mbà, wee kpoo ma kpoo.

Ị nwere ike ikpochapụ akọrọ a site n'enyemaka nke Fitoverm.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ pụtara, mgbe ahụ, agịga na-amalite ịla n'iyi, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, wrinkle, ma mesịa kpochaa kpamkpam. Nke a bụ n'ihi n'eziokwu na obere nje nje na-eri nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ nke agịga na-eto eto.

Ududo mite. Mgbe ọ pụtara, agịga ahụ na-amalite ịtụgharị edo edo ma kpọọ nkụ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, ihe ntanetị a na-ahụ anya pụtara na ya.

Fufanon ga-enyere aka ịnagide pesti.

Pine aphid. Ọ na-eri nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ nke na-eto eto bụ agịga, na mgbe ụfọdụ, ha na-apụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na ike ibibi a na-eto eto osisi.

Usoro mgba bụ ọgwụ Karbofos.

Hamis Otu obere pesti, enwere ike ịmata ọdịdị ya site na mkpụkpọ na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha na agịga. Ọ na-emetụta naanị osisi cedar na-eto eto, osisi tozuru okè na-eguzogide ya.

Iji luso pesti a ọgụ, a na-eji nkwadebe Spark, Fufanon, Atkara mee ihe.

Ajụjụ na azịza ndị ama ama

Anyị jụrụ ndị bi n'oge okpomọkụ ajụjụ gbasara osisi cedar agronomist-ozuzu Svetlana Mikhailova.

Isi mmalite nke

1. Vyvodtsev NV, Kobayashi Ryosuke. Mkpụrụ osisi cedar pine na Khabarovsk Territory // Ezigbo nsogbu nke ogige ọhịa, 2007 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/urozhaynost-orehov-sosny-kedrovoy-v-khabarovskom-krae
2. Society maka ịzụlite na mmeghe nke Conifers https://rosih.ru/
3. Gavrilova OI Na-eto eto pine nkume Siberia na ọnọdụ nke Republic of Karelia // Resources na Technology, 2003 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vyraschivanie-sosny-kedrovoy-sibirskoy-v-usloviyah-respubliki-karelia
4. Drozdov II, Kozhenkova AA, Belinsky MN -podmoskovie