ọdịnaya
Okwu Mmalite
Ahụ mmadụ na-enweta carbohydrates bụ isi site na nri osisi. Otu gram nke carbohydrates nwetara kilocalories anọ.
Ihe na-erughị abụba, mana ihe ndị a na-emebi ngwa ngwa ma rie ahụ. Ya mere, mmefu ha karịrị ọkara nke ike achọrọ.
Dabere na ihe owuwu nke carbohydrates kewara dị mfe ma dị mgbagwoju anya. A na-akpọ nke mbụ sugars na starches nke abụọ.
Sugars nwere ike ịdị mfe ma ọ bụ dị mgbagwoju anya monosaccharides dị n'ọbara na ndị disaccharides.
Mfe monohydrates
Monosaccharides gụnyere glucose, fructose na galactose. Ha nwere akpọ ụtọ uto ma dị mfe mgbari.
Glucose na sucrose n'ụdị dị ọcha dị na mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi, ọkachasị na mmanụ a honeyụ. Glucose, nke kachasị mkpa n'ime shuga, ahụ na -eji tumadi maka akwara na sistem ụjọ.
Fructose bụ nke kachasị carbohydrate dị na nri osisi sitere. Akụkụ nke fructose a na -agbanwe ya n'ime imeju ka ọ bụrụ glucose, nke ọzọ na -abanye n'ọbara.
Galactose bụ achọtaghị na okike. A na-emepụta ya na nkewa nke lactose disaccharide - carbohydrate sitere na anụmanụ nke dị na mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi.
A na-etinye galactose imeju n'ime ụzọ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke glucose ike. Ihe ndị foduru na lactose a na-ekewaghị ekewa na-eje ozi dị ka nri maka microflora bara uru nke akụkụ eriri afọ.
Ihe disaccharides sucrose, lactose na maltose bụkwa mfe digestible shuga. Ma na uto na solubility na mmiri, ha na-enye monosaccharides. sucrose a na - emepụta nke glucose molecules na fructose.
Sucrose a na-ahụkarị na-abanye na tebụl anyị na nhazi nke beet na ngwaahịa nke nhazi ya - Sugar. Ọ nwere ihe karịrị pasentị 99.5 sucrose. Sugar na-agbaji ngwa ngwa n'ime tract gastrointestinal banye glucose na fructose, nke na-abanye n'ime ọbara ozugbo.
Lactose - mmiri ara ehi shuga - carbohydrate nke anụmanụ sitere na galactose na glucose.
Igbari lactose ahụ chọrọ enzyme pụrụ iche, lactase. Ọ bụrụ na ahụ adịghị emepụta ya, a na-abịa enweghị ndidi na mmiri ara ehi na mmiri ara ehi ngwaahịa.
Maltose, ma ọ bụ shuga malt, nwere glucose. A na -ahụ ya na mmanụ a honeyụ, biya, malt na molasses.
Mgbanwe carbohydrates
Iji carbohydrates dikwa mgbagwojuanya gụnyere starches, pectin na cellulose. Ha anaghị edozi mmiri nke ọma na mmiri ma jiri nwayọọ gbarie, site n'enyemaka nke enzymes n'oge usoro nkewa nke shuga dị mfe, ọkachasị glucose.
Starch na -ewe ihe ruru pasenti iri asatọ na ngụkọta nke carbohydrates na -abanye nri na nri. Ọtụtụ starch anyị na -enweta site na ọka: ọka, ọka, rye. Poteto nwere ihe dị ka pasent 80.
A na-akpọ starch fo anụmanụ glycogen. Ọ na-synthesized site ahu si mfe sugars, ma na-amịpụtara si anụ ngwaahịa, ebe ya 1.5-2 percent.
A na-echekwa glycogen n'ime eriri imeju na akwara ma ọ bụrụ na ihe mberede chọrọ maka ike ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmega ahụ siri ike ma ọ bụ nrụgide.
Pectin na eriri, nke a na-akpọ eriri nri na-agbari site na ahụ dị nwayọ nwayọ, ihe karịrị ọkara nke ha na-agbari site na microflora na colon. Faiba dị ezigbo dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nkịtị nke eriri afọ, na-akpali akpali peristalsis.
Na mgbakwunye, eriri nri na -abawanye na afọ, na -ebelata nnabata nke abụba na carbohydrates, na -enye ha ohere ịbanye n'ime ọbara nke nta nke nta, na -ewepụghị ndoputa. Pectin na cellulose dị na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri.
Akụkụ dị ịrịba ama nke carbohydrates nke oge a na-eji n'ụdị nke sucrose ẹdude ke okokụre ngwaahịa, confectionery na ụtọ ọṅụṅụ. Mana carbs ahụ nyere gị ume, ma ghara itinye ya n'ụdị abụba abụba, oke nke carbohydrates dị mfe na nri ekwesịghị gafere 20-25%. Enwere ike izute nguzozi ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ isi mmalite nke carbohydrates dị mgbagwoju anya na eriri: akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi, mkpo, oatmeal, pasta sitere na ọka wit durum na ngwaahịa ọka dum.
Oriri ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-eri nri mepụtara:
Nkịtị mkpa na carbohydrates digestible maka okenye bu 50-60% nke chọrọ ike kwa ụbọchị (site na 257 ruo 586 g / ụbọchị).
Nkịtị mkpa maka carbohydrates maka umuaka rue afo 13 g / n'arọ nke ibu ahu, maka umuaka kariri otu afo site na 170 ruo 420 g / ụbọchị.
Moore banyere carbohydrates na sugars na-ekiri na vidiyo dị n'okpuru:
