Onye anaghị eri anụ ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro n'ime ndụ ya, n'ịzaghachi akụkọ ya banyere ihe egwu dị na nri anụ, nụrụ: "Akwukwo nri juputara na nitrates na ụdị kemịkal niile. Gịnịzi bụ?!” Nke a bụ otu n'ime arụmụka na-amasị ndị na-eri anụ. N'ezie, olee akwụkwọ nri na mkpụrụ osisi ị nwere ike iri? Oleekwa otú “okwu nitrate” si dị ize ndụ nye ahụ́ ike anyị? Nitrates: ndị bụ ndị enyi, bụ ndị pirates Nitrates bụ nnu nke nitric acid, ha bụ ihe oriri nke ihe ọkụkụ na-edozi ahụ ma dị mkpa ka ha wuo sel ma mepụta chlorophyll. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke nitrates n'ime ala bụ ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu maka osisi; N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ na-enye aka na uto ha na-abawanye, photosynthesis na-arụsi ọrụ ike na nnukwu mkpụrụ. Ya mere, ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịchọ iji fatịlaịza "mechie ya ntakịrị". Maka ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ, nitrates na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ adịghị ize ndụ, mana nnukwu doses nwere ike ịkpata nsị na ọbụna na-eduga ọnwụ. N'otu oge n'ime ahụ, na nnukwu eriri afọ, n'okpuru mmetụta nke microflora, nitrates na-aghọ nitrites - ha na-egbu egbu nye ụmụ mmadụ. Nitrites nwere mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ na hemoglobin: ígwè ferrous bụ oxidized na ígwè ferric na methemoglobin nwetara, nke na-enweghị ike iburu oxygen na anụ ahụ na akụkụ ahụ - agụụ oxygen na-eme. Dị ka ụkpụrụ nke World Health Organisation si kwuo, oriri nke nitrate kwa ụbọchị maka mmadụ ekwesịghị ịfe 5 mg kwa 1 n'arọ nke arọ ahụ, ya bụ. e. maka onye na-eru 70 n'arọ - ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 350 mg kwa ụbọchị. Ọ bụrụ na ị were 600-650 mg nke nitrates n'otu oge, nsị nwere ike ime na okenye. N'ime ụmụaka (nke nta, nke a na-ekwu okwu) na-ebelata njikọ nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka mweghachi nke hemoglobin, ya mere nitrates dị ize ndụ maka ụmụ ọhụrụ karịa ndị okenye. Ogo mmetụta nke nitrates na mmadụ na-adabere ọ bụghị nanị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ha, kamakwa na ọnọdụ nke ahụ dum. N'ime ahụ dị mma, ntụgharị nitrates ka ọ bụrụ nitrites na-eji nwayọ karịa n'ime ahụ adịghị ike. A na-ewepụ akụkụ dị mkpa n'ime ha naanị, ụfọdụ na-agbanwekwa ka ọ bụrụ ogige bara uru. A na-enye usoro nchebe megide nitrates site na okike, na metabolism nkịtị ọbụna na-egosi ụfọdụ ọnụnọ nke nnu ndị a. N'ịbụ nri maka osisi, nitrates ga-abụ akụkụ ha dị mkpa mgbe niile (ma ọ bụghị na ọ gaghị enwe osisi n'onwe ha). Ma ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ịkpachara anya na nnu nitric acid na, ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, belata oriri ha. Otu esi echebe onwe gị site na nitrates N'ezie, ụzọ kachasị mfe ị ga-esi na-eri nri naanị akwụkwọ nri ndị a nwapụtara, anakọtara na ubi ndị a nwapụtara, ndị mmadụ gosipụtara. Ma ọ bụ nye ndụmọdụ ịnweta nitrate mita ma ọ bụ nitrate tester (ọ bụrụ na ị maara ihe ọ bụla banyere irè nke ngwaọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ, biko dee na-ekwu na isiokwu) Ma eziokwu nke ndụ bụ nke a: ị na-eguzo n'ihu a counter na yi akwụkwọ nri / mkpụrụ osisi, na ihe niile i nwere ike banyere ịchọpụta ha, e dere na price mkpado - na-eri na mba nke uto ... Ebe a bụ ụfọdụ bara uru Atụmatụ: Chọpụta ụdị nke a "mkpụrụ osisi". N'ụdị akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche, ọdịnaya nke nitrates n'oge oge owuwe ihe ubi na-adịgasị iche na ibe ya. Nke a bụ n'ihi na osisi niile na-akwakọba nnu nitric acid n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụdị agwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-adịkarị elu na nitrate karịa ụdị agwa edo edo. Họrọ ndị tozuru okè. Ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, kpochapụ ụdị mbụ, osisi ndị na-eto eto, na akwụkwọ nri griin haus, nke na-enwekarị nitrates dị elu, na nri. Agbanyeghị, a gaghị ekwe ka inine chara acha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mkpụrụ osisi beets na zukini na-eto eto na-enwekwa ụbara ego nke nitrates. Na karọt, a na-ahụ àgwà mgbọrọgwụ kachasị mma na oke nke 100-200 g. The uto na agba. Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-egbuke egbuke na-egbuke egbuke (karịsịa karọt) nwere obere nitrates karịa ndị na-egbuke egbuke. Ma ọ bụghị naanị ọdịdị dị mkpa. Ọ bụrụ na akwụkwọ nri nwere uto na-ekwekọghị n'okike, ha adịghị mma ịta - nke a na-egosi oke ọdịnaya nke nnu nitric acid. Naanị ọhụrụ! Salad na ihe ọṅụṅụ mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri kwesịrị ka a rie ya nke ọma. Ọbụna nchekwa oge dị mkpirikpi na refrjiraeto na-eduga n'ịba ụba nke microflora, nke na-enye aka na mmepụta nke ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na ụmụ mmadụ. Zere ihe nchekwa. Wepụ na nri mkpọ nri (na n'otu oge ahụ sausaji na anụ a na-ese), nke a na-akwado ya na mgbakwunye nke nitrates na nitrites. N'ịmepụta ngwaahịa ham na soseji, a na-agbakwunye ha ọ bụghị nanị iji gbochie ọrụ nke nje bacteria, kamakwa inye anụ anụ na-acha uhie uhie-agba aja aja. Jiri mmiri dị ọcha mee ihe. Ihe dị ka 20% nke nitrates niile na-eji mmiri abanye n'ahụ mmadụ. Mmiri na-esi esi emetọ na nitrates adịghị ebelata, kama ọ na-abawanye nsị ya. Nsi na mmiri dị otú ahụ bụ ihe kasị dị ize ndụ, n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke itinye nsị n'ime ọbara na-abawanye. Otu esi ebelata nitrate na akwụkwọ nri (ndị ị nwere na kichin gị) Ọ bụrụgodị na ị tụfuru agba nke mbụ n'ọgụ nitrates wee zụta ezi na poke, ihe niile anaghị efu. Site n'enyemaka nke mma, saucepan na ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ bara uru, ị nwere ike dozie ọnọdụ ahụ ma kpochapụ nnu nitrogen na-adịghị. Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche: mgbe ị na-esi nri, canning, salting, fermenting na peeling inine, ọkwa nke nitrates na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ma ọ bụghị ụzọ niile dị irè, gụnyere site n'echiche nke ichekwa ihe bara uru. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na ị sook peeled poteto otu ụbọchị na otu percent nnu ngwọta, mgbe ahụ, a ga-enwe n'ezie ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị nitrates na ya, na biologically bara uru bekee kwa. Fermentation, canning, salting, pickling bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ụbọchị 3-4 mbụ enwere usoro nkwalite nke ịtụgharị nitrates ka ọ bụrụ nitrites, yabụ na ọ ka mma ịghara iri kabeeji pickled, cucumbers na akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ tupu ụbọchị 10-15 gachara. . Na ogologo oge (maka awa 2) ịtinye akwụkwọ nri, 15-20% nke nitrates na-asachapụ ha. Iji belata ọdịnaya nke nitrates na mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ na kabeeji site na 25-30%, ọ ga-ezuru iji jide ha na mmiri ruo otu awa, mgbe e bechapụ ha n'ime obere iberibe. N'oge isi nri, poteto na-efunahụ 80%, karọt, kabeeji, rutabaga - ruo 70%, beets table - ruo 40% nke nitrates, ma ụfọdụ n'ime nri na vitamin na-ebibi. Ụzọ ndị a niile nwere otu nnukwu ihe ndọghachi azụ - ọtụtụ nitrates na-etinye n'ime sel ma a naghị ewepụta ya n'ụzọ dị otú ahụ. Ụzọ kachasị dị irè bụ ihicha akwụkwọ nri nke ọma. Nitrates na-ekesa unevenly na osisi. Ha dị ntakịrị na mkpụrụ osisi, ya mere a na-ewere mkpụrụ osisi na ọka dị ka ihe kacha mma iri. Ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ ebe ịta nke nitrogen salts, karịsịa mgbe ị na-eri akwụkwọ nri ọhụrụ: bee, stalks, cores nke mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ, petioles, ebe ntụgharị nke mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ n'ime mgbọrọgwụ, stalk. Nke a na-ebelata "nitrate" nke akwụkwọ nri ugboro abụọ ruo ugboro atọ. The Encyclopedia of Safety maka akwukwo nri nke ọ bụla na-adụ ọdụ ka usoro nhicha ya dị: BEET. A na-ewere Beetroot dị ka eze nwanyị n'etiti akwụkwọ nri, mana nyekwara ya aha onye mmeri na nchịkọta nitrates. Ụfọdụ ndị nnọchi anya ya nwere ike ịnwe ihe ruru 4000 mg / kg. Nitrates na beets na-ekesa nke ukwuu unevenly. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere ọdịnaya ha na mpaghara etiti etiti nke mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ dị ka 1 unit, mgbe ahụ na akụkụ nke ala (nke dị nso na ọdụ) a ga-enwerịrị 4 nkeji, na n'elu akụkụ (n'akụkụ akwụkwọ) - 8 nkeji. Ya mere, ọ dị mma ka ebipụ elu site n'ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ na ọdụ - ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ asatọ nke mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-ahapụ beets site na ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke nitrates. GREENERY. Na letus, akwụkwọ nri, pasili, dil na elu ndị ọzọ, nitrates na-adịkarị elu karịa beets. Ọzọkwa, n'ime osisi sitere na akwa akwa na-enweghị fatịlaịza, ọdịnaya nnu na-adịkarị agafeghị oke, mana n'ime ndị toro na ngwọta nri ma ọ bụ na ala nri nke ọma, ntinye nke nitrates nwere ike iru 4000-5000 mg / kg. Ntinye nke nnu n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke osisi dị iche iche - enwere ọtụtụ n'ime ha na ị ga na petioles nke akwụkwọ. N'aka nke ọzọ, ahịhịa ọhụrụ nwere ọtụtụ vitamin na-egbochi ntughari nke nitrates na nitrites. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ascorbic acid (vitamin C) na-enyere aka "na-ewepụ" nitrates, ya mere ọ bara uru ịgbakwunye herbs ọhụrụ na efere akwukwo nri. Mana echefula na n'okpuru mmetụta nke microorganisms na ikuku, nitrates na-aghọ ngwa ngwa na nitrites. A na-egbutu akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kacha mma tupu ị na-eje ozi. KABEJI. Na kabeeji ọcha, nitrates "họọrọ" akwụkwọ elu (obere atọ ma ọ bụ anọ). Enwere nnu nitrogen okpukpu abụọ n'ime ha na n'ikuku dị ka akụkụ etiti isi. N'oge nchekwa, kabeeji ọhụrụ na-ejigide ọdịnaya nitrate ya ruo February, mana ugbua na March, ntinye nnu na-adaba ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro atọ. Na sauerkraut, ụbọchị 3-4 mbụ enwere mgbanwe ngwa ngwa nke nitrates n'ime nitrites. Ya mere, ọ ka mma iri obere nnu nnu kabeeji ọ bụghị tupu otu izu. N'ọdịnihu, ọtụtụ nitrates na-abanye n'ime brine - yana ọkara nke ogige niile bara uru. Kọlịflawa na-enwekarị nitrates karịa kabeeji ọcha ma na-esi ya nke ọma. RADISH. Radishes mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ihe ruru 2500 mg/kg nke nitrates. Enwere ike ịtụle itinye uche nke ihe dịka 500 mg / kg dị mma (maka ụdị mbụ). Na "gburugburu iche iche" nke radish, nitrogen salts dị nnọọ obere karịa na " elongated ". Ị nwere ike belata ọdịnaya nitrate nke radishes na ọkara site na bepụ elu na ọdụ site na 1/8. NDUKU. Site na nchekwa dị mma, ọdịnaya nke nitrates na poteto na-adaba nke ọma na mmalite March - ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro anọ. Ruo February, ntinye uche na-anọgide na-agbanweghị agbanwe. Ọtụtụ n'ime salts na tuber na-elekwasị anya nso n'etiti (na ihe bara uru dị nso na bee!), Ma ọdịiche dị obere. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe na-abaghị uru bee ya, e wezụga, vitamin na enzymes dị n'okpuru bee ókè ntughari nke nitrates na nitrites. Ụzọ kachasị mma isi esi nri poteto nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nitrates bụ steamed, "n'ụdị": a na-etinye obere tubers dum, a na-egbutu ndị buru ibu n'ime akụkụ 2, 4 ma ọ bụ 6, ebe a na-ewepụ ihe ruru 60-70% nke nitrates. N'oge nri nkịtị, a na-ewepụ ihe ruru 40%, ma ọ bụrụ na frying - ihe dịka 15%. Ọ ka mma ịwụpụ mmiri fọdụrụnụ mgbe esichara poteto. KARỌT. Karọt, karịsịa ndị mbụ, nwere ike ịgbakọta ihe ruru 1000 mg / kg nke nitrates. Enwere ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'elu, dị nso na akwụkwọ, nakwa na ọdụ n'onwe ya. A chọpụtakwara na obere nitrates na-apụta na karọt ndị nwere ọkara. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị naanị karọt, kamakwa akwụkwọ nri niile - beets, turnips, zucchini, wdg. ọ ka mma iji ọkara nha. Na chopped carrots (dị ka elu, beets, wdg), nitrates ngwa ngwa ghọọ nitrites. Na salads, usoro ndị a na-akawanye njọ site na ọnụnọ nke utoojoo ude ma ọ bụ Mayonezi ( Mayonezi n'onwe ya bụ nsi!), Nke na-enye aka na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke microorganisms. Mmanụ sunflower na-egbochi uto nke nje bacteria. ZUCCHINI Ha nwere ike ịnwe ihe ruru 700 mg / kg nke nitrates. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ na oyi akwa dị mkpa n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ na nso ọdụ. Ọ ka mma iwepu ọdụ ma wepụ peel na akwa oyi akwa. A na-esikarị zukini, karịsịa ndị tozuru okè, nke na-ebelata ọdịnaya nitrate ha ihe karịrị ugboro abụọ. Enwere ike fesa ya na igwe nrụgide. Kukumba. N'okpuru ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma, ọbụna cucumbers nwere ike ịgbakọta ruo 600 mg / kg nke nitrates. Enwere ọtụtụ ugboro n'ime ha n'okpuru bee karịa n'etiti. Ma ọ bụrụ na bee dị ilu, adịghị mma, a ga-ebipụ ya. A na-atụ aro ka ebipụ akụkụ na-enweghị ụtọ n'akụkụ ọdụ ahụ. *** N'ezie, ndụmọdụ ndị a bụ naanị dobe n'oké osimiri nke ozi bara uru achọrọ iji nọgide na-ahụ ike. Ma ugbu a ajụjụ nke ndị na-eri anụ banyere nitrates nwere ike ịzaghachi n'enweghị nsogbu: "Ị na-atụ egwu nitrates?
2022-11-11