Hypothyroidism
Thehypothyroidism bụ ihe si na mmepụta nkehormones ezughị oke site na gland thyroid, akụkụ ahụ yiri urukurubụba nke dị n'okpuru olu, n'okpuru apụl Adam. Ndị ọrịa a kacha emetụta bụ ụmụ nwanyị mgbe afọ 50 gachara.
Mmetụta nke gland thyroid na ahụ bụ isi: ọrụ ya bụ ịhazi usoro metabolism nke mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ anyị. Ọ na-achịkwa mmefu ike, ịdị arọ, ọnụọgụ obi, ike anụ ahụ, ọnọdụ uche, itinye uche, okpomọkụ ahụ, mgbaze, wdg. Ọ si otú a na-ekpebi ike ike nke na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ na akụkụ ahụ anyị na-arụ ọrụ. Na ndị nwere hypothyroidism, ike a na-arụ ọrụ na nwayọọ nwayọọ.
N'oge izu ike, ahụ na-eri ike iji mee ka ọrụ ya dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ: mgbasa ọbara, ọrụ ụbụrụ, iku ume, mgbaze, na-ejigide okpomọkụ ahụ. A na-akpọ nke a isi metabolism, nke a na-achịkwa akụkụ ụfọdụ nke homonụ thyroid. Ọnụ ego a na-etinye na-adịgasị iche site n'otu n'otu ruo n'otu n'otu dabere na nha, ịdị arọ, afọ, okike, na ọrụ nke thyroid gland. |
Na Canada, ihe dị ka 1% nke ndị okenye nwerehypothyroidism, na ndị inyom ịbụ 2 ruo 8 ugboro emetụtara karịa ụmụ nwoke. Ọganihu nke ọrịa na-abawanye na afọ, na-eru ihe karịrị 10% mgbe afọ 60 gasịrị14. Na France, 3,3% nke ụmụ nwanyị na 1,9% nke ụmụ nwoke na-emetụta hypothyroidism (isi iyi: HAS: nchịkọta nke ndụmọdụ ọkachamara 2007).
Congenital ma ọ bụ neonatal hypothyroidism
N'ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ 4, hypothyroidism na-adị site n'ọmụmụ n'ihi adịghị ike ma ọ bụ arụ ọrụ nke thyroid gland. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị agwọ ya, ndịhypothyroidism mụta nwa nwere nnukwu nsonaazụ na mmepe anụ ahụ na nke uche nke nwatakịrị. Ọ dabara nke ọma, na France, Canada na mba ndị ọzọ mepere emepe, a na-achọpụta ọrịa a n'usoro n'ime ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, n'ihi nyocha ọbara nke ndị nyocha Canada mepụtara n'etiti afọ 1970. Nyocha a na-enye ohere ịmalite ọgwụgwọ site na ụbọchị mbụ nke ndụ iji gbochie nsonaazụ nke ọrịa ahụ.1.
A na-achịkwa homonụ thyroid Ndị isi 2 hormones zoro ezo site na thyroid Nke a bụ T3 (triiodothyronine) na T4 (tetra-iodothyronine ma ọ bụ thyroxine). Ha abụọ ghọtara okwu ahụ bụ "iodine" n'ihi na ayodiin bụ otu n'ime akụkụ ha, dị mkpa maka mmepụta ha. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke homonụ a na-emepụta dị n'okpuru nchịkwa nke glands ndị ọzọ, dị na ụbụrụ: hypothalamus na pituitary gland. Hypothalamus na-enye iwu pituitary gland iji mepụta hormone TSH (maka hormone na-akpali akpali). N'aka nke ya, hormone TSH na-akpali thyroid iji mepụta hormones thyroid, gụnyere T3 na T4. Enwere ike ịhụ gland thyroid na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ site na nyocha ọbara iji tụọ ọkwa TSH n'ime ọbara. Na hypothyroidism, ọkwa TSH dị elu n'ihi na pituitary gland na-anabata enweghị homonụ thyroid (T3 na T4) site na izobe TSH ọzọ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, pituitary gland na-agbalị ime ka thyroid emepụta ọtụtụ hormones. N'ọnọdụ hyperthyroidism (mgbe enwere oke homonụ thyroid), ihe a na-eme: ọkwa TSH dị ala n'ihi na pituitary gland na-aghọta oke homonụ thyroid n'ime ọbara wee kwụsị ịkpali thyroid gland. Ọbụna na mmalite nke nsogbu thyroid, ọkwa TSH na-abụkarị ihe na-adịghị mma. |
Eme
Tupu afọ 1920, ndị ụkọ ayodiin bụ isi ihe kpatara yahypothyroidism. Iodine bụ mineral na-achọpụta ihe dị mkpa maka ndụ yana maka mmepụta nke homonụ thyroid T3 na T4. Ebe ọ bụ na-agbakwunye ayodiin ka tebụl nnu - omume a mụrụ na Michigan na 1924 n'ihi ọtụtụ ọnọdụ nke hypothyroidism - ụkọ a dị ụkọ na mba ndị mepere emepe. Otú ọ dị, dị ka atụmatụ sitere n'aka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ? Ijeri mmadụ abụọ ka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ụkọ ayodiin2. Ọ ka bụ nọmba 12 kpatara hypothyroidism n'ụwa. Na mba ndị mepere emepe ebe a na-agwa ndị mmadụ ka ha belata oriri nnu, enwere ike ịnwe ihe ize ndụ nke ịmaliteghachi ụkọ iodine.
n'oge, isi na-akpata hypothyroidism na mba mepere emepe bụ:
- A Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Ọrịa autoimmune a na-ebute mbibi nke thyroid gland site na dịghịzi usoro. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị enweghị ike ịkọwa ihe na-akpata ọrịa a. Ọ na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ n'ihi nrụgide ma ọ bụ ọrịa nje, n'ime ndị na-ebute ya.
- Un ọgwụgwọ nke na-agbanwe thyroid gland. Ọgwụgwọ iodine redioaktivu iji gwọọ a hyperthyroidism ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ iji wepụ thyroid gland (n'ihi nodule, tumor ma ọ bụ thyroid cancer) na-akpata hypothyroidism na-adịgide adịgide n'ihe dịka 80% nke ikpe. Ọzọkwa, a ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụgwọ redio olu na-ebute hypothyroidism na-adịru nwa oge n'ihe dịka 50% nke ikpe, yana hypothyroidism na-adịgide adịgide n'ihe dịka 25% nke ikpe.
- A postpartum thyroiditis. N'ime 8-10% nke ụmụ nwanyị, mmeghachi omume autoimmune megide thyroid nwere ike ime n'ime izu ole na ole ruo ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị.nnyefe15. A na-akpọ nke a thyroiditis "postpartum". N'ime 40% nke ikpe, thyroiditis a na-eduga na hypothyroidism, ihe mgbaàmà ya na-akawanye ma ọ bụ karịa. Ha na-abụkarị ndị na-agafe agafe.
Ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịkarị ụkọ
- .fọdụ ọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, lithium, nke a na-eji eme ihe maka ụfọdụ ọrịa mgbaka mgbaka, ma ọ bụ amiodarone (ọgwụ nwere ayodiin), nke edepụtara maka ọgba aghara n'afọ obi, nwere ike ibute hypothyroidism.
– Ihe abnormality mụta nwa nke thyroid gland, ya bụ na-ekwu ugbu a site na ọmụmụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, gland adịghị eto nke ọma, ma ọ bụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. N'okwu a, a na-achọpụta hypothyroidism ụbọchị ole na ole ka amuchara nwa ekele maka usoro nyocha ọbara.
– A malfunction nkepituitary gland, gland nke na-achịkwa thyroid site na hormone TSH (na-anọchi anya ihe na-erughị 1% nke ikpe).
- A ọrịa nje bacteria ma ọ bụ viral na thyroid gland.
- Lee ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ngalaba ihe ize ndụ.
Enwere ike nsogbu
Ọ bụrụ na a gwọọghị ya, ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsonaazụ ogologo oge. N'ime ndị okenye, a myxoedeme, ụdị hypothyroidism siri ike, nwere ike ime. Mgbaàmà nke myxedema bụ ihu na-afụ ụfụ, na-acha odo odo na akpụkpọ kpọrọ nkụ, nke na-egosi na ọ toro. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọnọdụ ụfọdụ (ọrịa, oyi, trauma, ịwa ahụ, wdg) nwere ike ime ka ọ ghara ịma ma ọ bụ coma "Myxedematous". Na mgbakwunye, ọmụmụ na-atụ aro na ndị nwerehypothyroidism ruo ọtụtụ afọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu nke ọrịa obi.
N'ime ụmụaka a na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa, enwere nnukwu igbu oge na uto na mmepe ọgụgụ isi na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, nke a na-akpọkarị Cretinism. Ọgwụgwọ zuru oke, nke a na-amalite ngwa ngwa, na-ezere nsogbu na nsonye.