Le cholesterol bụ a abụba ahụ dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke organism. A na-eji ya karịsịa na nhazi nke membranes cell ma na-eje ozi, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka "ihe ọkụkụ" maka njikọ nke ọtụtụ hormones (steroids).

Otú ọ dị, oke cholesterol nwere ike imerụ ahụ n'ihi na ọ na-emekarị ka ọ na-ebuli elu arịa ọbara na ime ihe a na-akpọ efereatherosclerosis nke nwere ike imecha nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke obi.

Cholesterol adịghị sobere n'ọbara: ya mere a ga-ebufe ya ebe ahụ site na protein, nke ọ na-etolite ogige a na-akpọ lipoproteins.

Cholesterol nwere ike jikọta ya na ọtụtụ ụdị "ebu" n'ime ọbara:

• nke LDL (N'ihi na lipoproteins dị obereA na-ewere LDL-cholesterol dị ka “cholesterol ọjọọ”. Ihe kpatara ya ? LDL na-ebuga cholesterol site na imeju gaa n'ahụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na LDL-cholesterol dị n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, a na-ejikọta ya na ihe ize ndụ obi na-abawanye.
• nke Hdl (N'ihi na lipoproteins dị elu): A na-akpọkarị HDL cholesterol dị ka “ezigbo” cholesterol. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọrụ HDL bụ ịwụpụ cholesterol n'ọbara wee bufee ya na imeju, ebe echekwara ya. Ya mere, ha na-enwe mmetụta nke iweda ọkwa cholesterol dị n'ọbara, yana ọkwa HDL dị elu na-ejikọta ya na ihe ize ndụ dị ala nke obi.
• nke VLDL (N'ihi na lipoproteins dị obere): ha na-enye aka na-ebuga ụdị abụba ọzọ, triglycerides.

Cholesterol ọbara na-abịa site na nri kamakwa site na ihe a na-akpọ endogenous synthesis, na imeju.

Mbelata cholesterol ọbara (cholesterolemiaA na-eme ya mgbe niile, karịsịa mgbe afọ 40 gasịrị (ma ọ bụ afọ 35 maka ụmụ nwoke na afọ 45 maka ụmụ nwanyị), na ebumnuche nke ịchọpụta. hypercholesterolemia ma mee a" profaịlụ lipid ". A ga-emerịrị nyocha a otu ugboro n'afọ 5 opekempe mgbe afọ a gasịrị.

Enwere ike igosi nha, n'etiti ndị ọzọ:

• tupu i nye iwu mgbochi ime
• n'ime onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ na-ebelata cholesterol, iji lelee irè ọgwụgwọ ahụ
• Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbaàmà na-egosi cholesterol dị elu (akpụkpọ anụ ahụ a na-akpọ xanthomas).

Nyocha cholesterol ga-enyocha ọkwa cholesterol zuru ezu, mana ọ dịkwa na ya LDL-cholesterol,  HDL-cholesterol yana mkpokọta cholesterol / HDL, nke na-enyere aka nyochaa ihe egwu obi. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-enyocha triglyceride ọbara.

A na-ekpebi kọlestrọl site na nnwale ọbara na ụlọ nyocha ahụike.

Dọkịta ahụ ga-enye gị ntụziaka maka mkpa ọ dị ibu ọnụ ma ọ bụ ịghara ịṅụ mmanya tupu ule ahụ na ịṅụ (ma ọ bụ ịghara) ọgwụ gị, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-agwọ gị.

Dabere na nsonaazụ ya, dọkịta nwere ike ikpebi ma ọ ga-amalite ọgwụgwọ a na-akpọ " hypolipemiant ”Ma ọ bụ” hypocholesterolemia », Iji wedata ọkwa abụba n'ọbara, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị oke elu. Anyị na-ekewa:

• hypercholesterolemia dị ọcha: ọkwa LDL-cholesterol dị elu.
• Hypertriglyceridemia dị ọcha: ọkwa triglyceride dị elu (≥ 5 mmol / l).
• Ngwakọta hyperlipidemia: elu LDL-cholesterol na triglyceride ọkwa.

A na-ewere akwụkwọ nkwụba ụgwọ dị ka ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụrụ:

• LDL-cholesterol <1,60 g / l (4,1 mmol / l),
• HDL-cholesterol> 0,40 g / l (1 mmol / l),
• triglycerides erughị 1,50 g / l (1,7 mmol / l).

Agbanyeghị, ndụmọdụ ọgwụgwọ dabere na afọ onye ọrịa yana ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa obi. Ha na-adịkwa iche iche site na mba ruo na mba.

Na mkpokọta, a na-amalite ọgwụgwọ (njedebe nri na / ma ọ bụ njikwa ọgwụ) mgbe LDL-cholesterol karịrị 1,6 g / l (4,1 mmol / l) mana mgbe ihe ize ndụ nke obi jikọtara ọnụ dị oke elu (ọbara mgbali elu, ọrịa shuga, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obi, wdg), enwere ike ịmalite ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọkwa LDL-cholesterol karịrị 1 g / l.