pelvis (nke sitere na pelvis Latin) bụ eriri ọkpụkpụ nke na-akwado ịdị arọ nke ahụ na nke na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti ogwe aka na ụkwụ ala.

pelvis, ma ọ bụ pelvis, bụ eriri ọkpụkpụ dị n'okpuru afọ nke na-akwado ọkpụkpụ azụ. A na-eme ya site na njikọ nke ọkpụkpụ coxal abụọ (ọkpụkpụ hip ma ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ iliac), sacrum na coccyx. Ọkpụkpụ hip bụ n'onwe ha sitere na ngwakọta nke ọkpụkpụ atọ: ilium, ischium na pubis.

Ọkpụkpụ hip na-ejikọta n'azụ sacrum, site na nku nke ilium, na ọkwa nke nkwonkwo sacroiliac. Ọnụ elu nke nku bụ iliac crest, ọ bụ ebe ntinye nke akwara afọ. Ọkpụkpụ iliac na-apụ apụ mgbe ị na-etinye aka n'úkwù gị.

Ọkpụkpụ hip abụọ na-ezukọ n'ihu n'ogo nke pubis. Ha na-ejikọta ọnụ site na pubic symphysis. N'ebe a na-anọdụ ala, a na-etinye anyị na alaka nke ischio-pubic (alaka nke pubis na ischium).

A na-ejikọta pelvis na akụkụ dị ala na ọkwa nke hip ma ọ bụ nkwonkwo coxofemoral: acetabulum (ma ọ bụ acetabulum), oghere nkwonkwo nke C, na-enweta isi nke femur.

Oghere dị n'ụdị olulu, a na-ekewa pelvis na mpaghara abụọ: nnukwu pelvis na obere pelvis. Nnukwu efere ahụ bụ akụkụ nke elu, nke nku nke ilium kpachie ya. Obere efere dị n'okpuru nku ndị a.

A na-ekewa oghere ahụ site na oghere abụọ:

• eriri elu nke bụ oghere elu nke efere ahụ. Ọ na-egosi mgbanwe n'etiti nnukwu na obere pelvis. Ọ dabara n'ime oghere a kechiri site n'ihu ruo n'azụ site na nsọtụ elu nke pubic symphysis, ahịrị arched na promontory nke sacrum (akụkụ elu) (3).
• Ihe dị n'okpuru ala bụ oghere nke ala nke efere ahụ. Ọ na-etolite diamond. Ọ na-ejedebe n'ihu site na ala dị ala nke pubic symphysis, n'akụkụ site na alaka ischiopubic na ischial tuberosities, na n'ikpeazụ n'azụ site n'ọnụ nke coccyx (4).

N'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, akụkụ nke basin na straits bụ data dị mkpa iji tụọ anya ịgafe nwa. Njikọ sacroiliac na pubic symphysis na-enwetakwa ntakịrị mgbanwe site na omume nke homonụ iji kwalite ịmụ nwa.

Enwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọdọ mmiri nwoke na nwanyị. pelvis nke nwanyị bụ:

• Ọganihu na gburugburu,
• Nke dị omimi,
• Oghere ọnụ ya na-agba gburugburu karịa n'ihi na akụkụ ahụ a kpụrụ ka ukwuu.
• Sacrum dị mkpụmkpụ na coccyx kwụ ọtọ.

pelvis bụ ebe ntinye nke akwara dị iche iche: mọzụlụ nke mgbidi afọ, nke buttocks, ala azụ na ọtụtụ akwara nke apata ụkwụ.

Ọkpụkpụ pelvis bụ mpaghara ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agba mmiri nke ukwuu: akwara ime iliac nke kewara akpan akpan n'ime akwara rectal, pudendal ma ọ bụ ilio-lumbar artery. Veins pelvic gụnyere n'etiti ndị ọzọ akwara ime na mpụta iliac, nkịtị, rectal…

A na-eme ka oghere pelvic banye n'ụba site na: lumbar plexus (dịka: akwara femoral, akpụkpọ anụ dị n'apata ụkwụ), plexus sacral (dịka: akwara anụ azụ nke apata ụkwụ, sciatica), pudendal plexus (dịka: akwara pudendal, amụ amụ. , clitoris) na coccygeal plexus (dịka ọmụmaatụ: sacral, coccygeal, genitofemoral nerve). A na-ezubere irighiri akwara ndị a maka viscera nke oghere (akụkụ amụ, ikensi, ike, wdg) na akwara nke afọ, pelvic na elu ụkwụ (apata ụkwụ).

Ọrụ bụ isi nke pelvis bụ ịkwado ịdị arọ nke ahụ dị elu. Ọ na-echebekwa akụkụ ime ime, eriri afo na akụkụ nke nnukwu eriri afọ. Ọkpụkpụ hip na-ejikwa ọkpụkpụ apata ụkwụ, femur, nke na-enye ohere ịga ije.

Mgbaji nke pelvis : ọ nwere ike imetụta ọkpụkpụ n'ọkwa ọ bụla ma akụkụ atọ kachasị n'ihe ize ndụ: sacrum, pubic symphysis ma ọ bụ acetabulum (isi femur na-abanye n'ime pelvis wee gbajie ya). Ọkpụkpụ ahụ bụ n'ihi ujo ime ihe ike (ihe mberede okporo ụzọ, wdg) ma ọ bụ ọdịda yana adịghị ike ọkpụkpụ (dịka osteoporosis) na ndị agadi. Enwere ike imetụta viscera, arịa, irighiri akwara na mọzụlụ nke pelvis n'oge mgbaji ma mee ka sequelae (ụkwara, urinary, wdg).

Hip mgbu : ha nwere mmalite dị iche iche. Agbanyeghị, n'ime ndị mmadụ karịrị afọ 50, a na-ejikọkarị ha na ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe mgbu na-ejikọta ya na mgbagha hip ga-abụ "na-eduhie eduhie", dị ka ihe atụ na ukwu, buttock, ma ọ bụ ọbụna na ụkwụ ma ọ bụ ikpere. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ịme ihe mgbu na hip ma n'ezie sitere n'ebe dị anya (azụ ma ọ bụ ukwu, karịsịa).

Pudendal neuralgia : mmetụta ịhụnanya nke akwara pudendal nke na-eme ka mpaghara pelvis dị n'ime ya (pacts urinary, anus, rectum, genitals ...). A na-eji ya mara ihe mgbu na-adịghị ala ala (ọkụ ọkụ, nhụjuanya) na-akawanye njọ site na ịnọdụ ala. Ọ na-emetụtakarị ndị nọ n'agbata afọ 50 na 70 na ihe kpatara ọrịa a adịghị achọpụta nke ọma: ọ nwere ike ịbụ mkpakọ nke akwara ma ọ bụ mkpuchi ya na mpaghara dị iche iche (na-agbanye n'etiti njikọ abụọ, na ọwa mmiri n'okpuru pubic ...) ma ọ bụ site na. etuto ahụ dịka ọmụmaatụ. Enwere ike ịkpata Neuralgia site na iji igwe igwe ma ọ bụ ịmụ nwa gabiga ókè.

Mmegharị pelvic n'oge ịmụ nwa

Mmegharị a kapịrị ọnụ na nkwonkwo sacroiliac nke na -enye ohere nnyefe:

• Counter-nutation ije: a verticalization nke sacrum (nlaghachi na elu nke promontory) na-eme mgbe ọ na-ejikọta ya na ọganihu na mbelata nke coccyx na nkewa nke nku ilia. Mmegharị ndị a nwere mmetụta nke ịbawanye eriri elu * yana ibelata eriri ala **.
• Mmegharị nri: ntụgharị ngagharị na -eme: nkwalite na iwetulata promontory nke sacrum, ịlaghachi azụ na ịdị elu nke coccyx na ịdị nso nke nku iliac. Mmegharị ndị a nwere ihe ga -esi n'ịbawanye warara nke ala na imechi warara nke elu.

Hip osteoarthritis (ma ọ bụ coxarthrosis) : kwekọrọ na uwe nke cartilage na ọkwa nke nkwonkwo n'etiti isi femur na ọkpụkpụ hip. A na-egosipụta mbibi a na-aga n'ihu nke cartilage site na mgbu na nkwonkwo. Enweghị ọgwụgwọ ga-ekwe ka cartilage na-eto eto. Osteoarthritis hip, ma ọ bụ coxarthrosis, na-emetụta ihe dịka 3% nke ndị okenye.

Ndị agadi nọchiri anya ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke mgbaji pelvic n'ihi na ha na-adaba na ọdịda na ọkpụkpụ ha na-esiwanye ike. Otú ahụ ka ọ dịkwa ndị nwere ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ.

Ịgbochi ọdịda adịghị mfe, mana ọ dị mma iri nri ndị nwere calcium na vitamin D iji mee ka ọkpụkpụ sie ike na ịlụso ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ ọgụ. Maka ndị agadi, ọ dị mkpa ikpochapụ ihe mgbochi ọ bụla na gburugburu ebe obibi ha nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ọdịda ime ihe ike (iwepụ akwa akwa) na ime mgbanwe omume ha (nwụnye mmanya na ụlọ mposi, uwe akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-ejide ụkwụ). . Ọ bụkwa ihe amamihe dị na ya izere omume egwuregwu n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịda mbà n'obi (parachuting, ịnya ịnyịnya, wdg) (10).

Nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ: ọ bụrụ na a na-enyo mgbawa pelvic, dọkịta ga-ebu ụzọ mee nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ ga-elele ma ọ dị ihe mgbu mgbe ị na-akpọkọta nkwonkwo sacroiliac (n'etiti ilium na sacrum) ma ọ bụ nrụrụ nke obere ụkwụ.

Radiography: Usoro nyocha ahụike nke na-eji X-ray. Igwe redio nke ihu na mpụta na-eme ka o kwe omume iji anya nke uche hụ nhazi ọkpụkpụ na akụkụ ahụ dị na pelvis na igosi mgbaji dị ka ọmụmaatụ.

MRI (ihe onyonyo resonance magnet): nyocha ahụike maka ebumnuche nyocha nke emere site na iji nnukwu ngwaọrụ cylindrical ebe a na-emepụta oghere magnetik na ebili mmiri redio. N'ebe redio anaghị ekwe ya, ọ na-ewepụtagharị onyonyo ziri ezi. A na-eji ya eme ihe karịsịa n'ihe gbasara hip na mgbu anụ ahụ. Iji jiri anya nke uche hụ akụkụ ahụ, MRI nwere ike jikọta ya na ntụtụ nke ngwaahịa dị iche.

pelvic ultrasound: Usoro onyonyo nke na-adabere na iji ultrasound na-ahụ anya n'ụdị nhazi nke akụkụ ahụ. N'ihe banyere pelvis, ultrasound na-eme ka o kwe omume iji anya nke uche hụ akụkụ ahụ nke oghere (bladder, ovary, prostate, arịa, wdg). N'ime ụmụ nwanyị, ọ bụ nyocha a na-ahụkarị maka nleba anya nke ime ime.

Scanner: Usoro nyocha nyocha nke mejupụtara “nyocha” mpaghara ahụ enyere iji mepụta onyonyo n'ofe akụkụ, n'ihi iji ụzarị X-ray. Okwu ahụ bụ “scanner” bụ aha ngwaọrụ ahụike n'ezie, mana a na-ejikarị aha ule ahụ. Anyị na-ekwukwa maka ihe onyonyo agbakọtara ma ọ bụ onyonyo agbakọtara. N'ihe gbasara pelvis, enwere ike iji nyocha CT chọpụta mgbaji na-adịghị ahụ anya na x-ray ma ọ bụ maka nha pelvimetric (ọnụọgụ pelvic) n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.

Ruo ogologo oge, inwe nnukwu pelvis jikọtara ya na ọmụmụ na ya mere a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe nhụta nke seduction.

N'oge a, n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, a na-ahọrọ pelvis dị warara karịa ihe oyiyi nke nha 36 a ma ama.