Autism: kedu ihe ọ bụ?

Autism: kedu ihe ọ bụ?

Autism bụ otu n'ime ọrịa shuga nsogbu mmepe zuru ebe nile (TED), nke pụtara na nwata, na -adịkarị tupu afọ atọ. okwu na mmekọrịta ndị ọzọ.

TED ndị a na -ahụkarị bụ:

  • autism
  • Ọrịa Asperger
  • Ọrịa Rett
  • TEDs akọwapụtaghị (TED-NS)
  • Nsogbu disintegrative nke nwata

Nhazi ọhụrụ maka PDDs

Na mbipụta na-esote (nke a ga-ebipụta na 2013) nke Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ndị otu American Psychiatric Association (APA) na-atụ aro ka ha chịkọta ụdị niile nke autism n'otu ụdị akpọrọ "nsogbu ụdịdị dị iche iche nke autism. ”. Ọrịa ndị ọzọ achọpụtara ugbu a iche iche, dị ka ọrịa Asperger, nsogbu mmepe zuru ebe niile nke akọwapụtabeghị na nsogbu distegrative ụmụaka, agaghịzi ewere ya dị ka ọrịa akọwapụtara kama ọ bụ dị iche iche nke autism.16. Dị ka APA si kwuo, ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ a tụrụ anya ga -eduga nchoputa ziri ezi ma nyere ndị dọkịta aka inye ọgwụgwọ ka mma. Ndị dọkịta ndị ọzọ na -ekwu na nhazi ọkwa ọhụrụ a nwere ike wepu ndị nwere nsogbu siri ike dịka ọrịa Asperger13 wee si otú a napụ ha ohere ịnweta ọrụ mmekọrịta, ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ bara uru nye ha. Mkpuchi mkpuchi ahụike na mmemme ọhaneze dabere na nkọwa ọrịa nke American Psychiatric Association (APA) guzobere.

Na France, Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) na-atụ aro ka ejiri nhazi ọkwa ọrịa mba ụwa-mbipụta iri (CIM-10) dị ka nhazi ntụnye aka.17.

 

Ihe kpatara autism

Ekwuru na Autism bụ nsogbu mmepe nke amabeghị ihe kpatara ya. Ndị ọrụ nyocha kwenyere na ọtụtụ ihe sitere na PDD, gụnyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa et gburugburu ebe obibi, na -emetụta mmepe ụbụrụ tupu a mụọ ya na mgbe amuchara ya.

ọtụtụ Genoa ga -etinye aka na mbido autism na nwata. A na -eche na ndị a ga -ekere òkè n'ịzụlite ụbụrụ nwa ebu n'afọ. Ụfọdụ ihe na -ebute mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ike ịbawanye ohere nwatakịrị nwere inwe autism ma ọ bụ PDD.

Ihe gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka ikpughe na ihe ndị na -egbu egbu tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe amuchara nwa, nsogbu n'oge ịmụ nwa ma ọ bụ ọrịa tupu amụọ nwa nwekwara ike tinye aka. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, mmụta ma ọ bụ omume ndị nne na nna n'ebe nwatakịrị nọ bụ maka autism.

Na 1998, ọmụmụ ihe Britain1 kwuru na njikọ dị n'etiti autism na ikpughe ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi, ọkachasị ogwu megide ịba, rubella na mumps (MMR na France, MMR na Quebec). Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ gosipụtara n'ikpeazụ na ọ nweghị njikọ dị n'etiti ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na autism² A na -ebo onye isi edemede ọmụmụ ugbu a ebubo wayo. (Lee akwụkwọ dị na webụsaịtị Health Passport: Autism na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke esemokwu)

 

Nsogbu ndị emetụtara

Ọtụtụ ụmụaka nwere autism na -arịakwa ọrịa akwara ozi ndị ọzọ6, dị ka :

  • Akwụkwụ (na -emetụta 20 ruo 25% nke ụmụaka nwere autism18)
  • Nkwụsị azụ nke uche (echere na ọ ga -emetụta ihe ruru 30% ụmụaka nwere PDD19).
  • Bourneville tuberous sclerosis (ihe ruru 3,8% ụmụaka nwere autism20).
  • Ọrịa Fragile X (ihe ruru 8,1% ụmụaka nwere autism20).

Ndị nwere autism mgbe ụfọdụ nwere:

  • Nsogbu nke ụra (ihi ụra ma ọ bụ ihi ụra).
  • Nsogbu eriri afọ ma ọ bụ allergies.
  • uru Ọgba aghara nke na -amalite na nwata ma ọ bụ n'oge uto. Ihe ọdịdọ ndị a nwere ike ibute amaghị onwe, ihe ụfụ, ya bụ, ịma jijiji nke ahụ niile ma ọ bụ mmegharị pụrụ iche.
  • Nsogbu mgbaka dịkanchegbu (nke dị ugbu a ma na -emetụtakwa ihe isi ike n'ịgbanwe mgbanwe, ma ọ dị mma ma ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ), phobias na ịda mbà n'obi.
  • uru nsogbu uche (nsogbu nlebara anya, nsogbu ọrụ onye isi, nsogbu ebe nchekwa, wdg.)

Ibi na nwata nwere autism na -eweta ọtụtụ mgbanwe na nhazi ndụ ezinụlọ. Ndị nne na nna na ụmụnne ga -eche nchoputa a na nzukọ ọhụrụ nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị, nke anaghị adịcha mfe mgbe niile. Ihe a niile nwere ike ibute ọtụtụ ihe nchegbu maka ezinụlọ dum.

 

Ọdịnihu

Ihe dị ka 6 ruo 7 n'ime mmadụ 1000 nwere PDD n'ime ndị na -erubeghị afọ 20, ma ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụaka 150. Autism na -emetụta 2 n'ime ụmụaka 20 n'okpuru 1000. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụmụaka nwere PDD nọ ya na onye na -eso azụ azụ. (2009 data sitere na Haute Autorité de Santé - HAS, France)

Na Quebec, PDD na-emetụta ihe dị ka ụmụaka 56 ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ime 10, ma ọ bụ 000 n'ime ụmụaka 1. (178-2007 data, Fédération québécoise de l'Autisme)

Otu n'ime ụmụaka 110 nọ na United States nwere nsogbu ụdịdị dị iche iche nke autism2.

Kemgbe afọ iri na abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa autism amụbaala n'ụzọ dị egwu ma ugbu a bụ otu n'ime nkwarụ a kacha mara amara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Nchọpụta nchọpụta ka mma, njirimara na -arịwanye elu nke ụmụaka nwere PDD, yana mmata nke ndị ọkachamara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ doro anya nyere aka na mmụba nke PDD n'ụwa niile.

 

Nchọpụta nke autism

Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịrịba ama nke autism na -apụtakarị ihe dị ka ọnwa 18, nchoputa doro anya anaghị ekwe omume mgbe ụfọdụ ruo afọ 3 afọ, mgbe igbu oge n'asụsụ, mmepe na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya pụtara ihe karịa. Ozugbo a chọpụtara nwa ahụ, ngwa ngwa anyị nwere ike itinye aka.

Iji mee nchọpụta nke PDD, a ga -ahụrịrị ihe dị iche iche na akparamagwa nwa ahụ, nkà asụsụ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. A na -achọpụta nchoputa nke PDD mgbe a nchọpụta ọtụtụ ihe. Ọtụtụ nyocha na ule dị mkpa.

Na North America, ihe nyocha a na -emebu bụ Nchọpụta nchọpụta na ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nsogbu uche (DSM-IV) nke American Psychiatric Association bipụtara. Na Europe na ebe ndị ọzọ n'ụwa, ndị ọkachamara ahụike na-ejikarị nhazi ọkwa nke ọrịa mba ụwa (ICD-10).

Na France, enwere ụlọ ọrụ Autism Resource Centre (ARC) nke na -erite uru site na ndị otu multidisciplinary ọkachamara n'ịchọpụta autism na PDD.

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