Ionogram ọbara bụ otu n'ime ule ndị dọkịta na-achọkarị iji nyochaa mmiri nke anụ ahụ na nguzozi eletrịịt.

Ionogram ọbara bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị - yana otu n'ime ule a na-arịọkarị, nke bụ nha nke isi ihe mejupụtara ion nke ọbara (ma ọ bụ electrolytes). Ya bụ sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg), bicarbonates (CO3).

A na-edenye ionogram ọbara mgbe niile ka akụkụ nke nyocha. A na-arịọkwa ya ka ọ nyere aka na nchoputa mgbe onye nrịanrịa nwere mgbaàmà dịka edema (ya bụ mkpokọta mmiri), adịghị ike, ọgbụgbọ na vomiting, mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ nkụchi obi na-adịghị mma.

A na-eji nyocha ahụ nyochaa nguzozi hydro-electolytic nke organism, ya bụ nguzozi dị n'etiti mmiri na ion dị iche iche. Ọ bụ akụrụ na-ahụ maka nguzozi a, site na nzacha mmamịrị, mana akpụkpọ ahụ, iku ume na sistem nri nri na-elekọtakwa ya.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, dọkịta na-arịọ a urinary ionogram n'otu oge, na-enwe ike ịkọrọ akụrụ ọ bụla metabolic ọrịa ewepụtara na ọbara ionogram.

Rịba ama na a pụkwara ikpebi ọkwa nke phosphorus, ammonium na ígwè n'oge ionogram ọbara.

Nke a bụ ihe a na-akpọ ụkpụrụ nkịtị nke isi ihe mejupụtara ionic nke ọbara:

• Sodium (natremia): 135-145 mmol / l (millimoles kwa liter)
• Potassium (kaliémie): 3,5-4,5 mmol / l
• Calcium (calcémie): 2,2-2,6 mmol/l
• Chlorine (chloremia): 95-105 mmol / l
• Magnesium: 0,7-1 mmol / l
• Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ 23-27 mmol / l

Rịba ama na ụkpụrụ ndị a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere na ụlọ nyocha na-eme nyocha. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-adịgasị iche dabere na afọ.

Tupu ịga ule ahụ, ọ nweghị ọnọdụ pụrụ iche a ga-ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ dịghị mkpa ịnọ na afọ efu.

Nlele ahụ nwere nyocha ọbara venous, na-emekarị na mpịachi nke ikpere. A na-enyocha ọbara ahụ a na-anakọta.

sodium

Mmụba nke sodium n'ime ọbara - nke a na-akpọ hypernatremia - nwere ike jikọta ya na:

• akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ n'ihi ụkọ nri nri;
• mbelata oriri mmiri;
• oké ọsụsọ;
• oke sodium.

N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mbelata nke ọkwa sodium ọbara - anyị na-ekwu maka hyponatremia - jikọtara ya na:

• na mperi nke oriri sodium na mfu digestive ma ọ bụ gbasara akụrụ;
• ma ọ bụ mmụba nke mmiri.

Hyponatremia nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke nkụda obi, akụrụ ma ọ bụ imeju, ma ọ bụ edema.

potassium

Mmụba nke potassium ma ọ bụ hypokalemia na-apụta n'oge mgbakwunye potassium ma ọ bụ n'ihi ị theụ ọgwụ ụfọdụ (ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali, antihypertensives, wdg).

N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mbelata ọkwa potassium ma ọ bụ hypokalemia nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na agbọ agbọ, afọ ọsịsa, ma ọ bụ na-aṅụ diuretics.

Chlorine

Mmụba nke ọkwa chlorine ọbara ma ọ bụ hyperchloremia nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi:

• oké akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ site na ọsụsọ;
• ọnwụ nke mgbaze;
• oke sodium.

Mbelata nke ọkwa chlorine ọbara ma ọ bụ hypochloremia nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi:

• ịba ụba na vomiting ugboro ugboro;
• nsogbu iku ume;
• mmụba nke mmiri (obi, akụrụ ma ọ bụ imeju imeju);
• ibelata oriri sodium.

calcium

Hypercalcemia (ọkwa dị elu nke calcium n'ime ọbara) nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke:

• ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo;
• hyperparathyroidism;
• vitamin D nsi;
• ogologo oge adịghị emegharị ahụ (ịdina ala ogologo oge);
• ma ọ bụ ọrịa Paget, nke ọkpụkpụ na-eto ngwa ngwa.

N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, hypocalcemia (ọkwa calcium dị ala) nwere ike ịkọwa ya:

• erighị nri na-edozi ahụ;
• mmanya;
• nkwụsị nke ọkpụkpụ;
• nkwarụ akwara na -adịghị ala ala;
• ma ọ bụ ntụpọ na mmịnye nke eriri afọ.

magnesium

Enwere ike ịhụ mmụba na ọkwa magnesium:

• na ọdịda akụrụ;
• ma ọ bụ mgbe ị nwetasịrị ihe mgbakwunye magnesium.

N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mbelata ọkwa ọbara nke magnesium nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke:

• nri na-adịghị mma (karịsịa n'etiti ndị na-eme egwuregwu);
• ị alcoholụbiga mmanya ókè;
• nsogbu digestive, wdg.

Bicarbonates

Ọkwa dị elu nke bicarbonate n'ọbara nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke:

• iku ume iku ume;
• vomiting ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ afọ ọsịsa.

Obere ọkwa nke bicarbonate n'ime ọbara nwere ike ịpụta:

• metabolic acidosis;
• akụrụ ọdịda;
• ma ọ bụ imeju ọdịda.