The ion bicarbonates (HC03^-) dị n'ime ọbara: ha na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na usoro pH. Ha bụ "ihe nchekwa" nke anụ ahụ.

Ya mere, itinye uche ha n'ọbara na-adaba na pH. Ọ bụ tumadi akụrụ na-achịkwa ntinye nke bicarbonates ọbara, na-akwalite njide ma ọ bụ excretion ha.

Iji dozie pH, ion bicarbonate HCO3^- na-ejikọta ya na H ion⁺ inye mmiri na CO₂. Ọnụ ego nke en CO₂ N'ime ọbara akwara (PA CO₂), ma ọ bụ capnia, ma ọ bụ nrụgide akụkụ nke CO2 na-agbaze n'ime ọbara akwara, bụkwa ihe na-egosi nguzozi acid-base. A na-atụ ya n'oge nyocha nke gas ọbara.

Ion bicarbonate bụ isi: mgbe itinye uche ha na-abawanye, pH na-abawanye. N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe itinye uche ha na-ebelata, pH na-aghọ acidic.

N'ime onye ahụ siri ike, pH ọbara kwụsiri ike: 7,40 ± 0,02. Ọ gaghị ada n'okpuru 6,6 ma ọ bụ bilie n'elu 7,7, nke na-adabaghị na ndụ.

Usoro nke ion bicarbonate na-eme ka o kwe omume iji nyochaa nguzozi acid-base nke ọbara. A na-eme ya n'otu oge ahụ dị ka nyocha nke gas ọbara, mgbe dọkịta na-enyo enyo na ọnụnọ nke enweghị acid-base (acidosis ma ọ bụ alkalosis). Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ikpe na ọnụnọ ụfọdụ mgbaàmà, dịka:

• ọnọdụ nsụhọ gbanwere
• hypotension, obere mmepụta obi
• nsogbu iku ume (hypo- ma ọ bụ hyperventilation).
• Ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ ndị na-adịchaghị njọ dị ka mgbari nri na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mfu urinary ma ọ bụ ọgba aghara electrolyte.

Nnwale ọbara ahụ nwere ihe nlele nke ọbara venous, na-emekarị n'ogige nke ikpere. Ọ dịghị nkwadebe dị mkpa.

Nyocha ahụ na-eme ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta ọnụnọ nke acidosis ma ọ bụ a alkalosis. Ntụle pH ga-enye gị ohere ịhụ ma enwere hyperacidemia (akọwapụtara dị ka pH uru n'okpuru 7,35) ma ọ bụ hyperalcalemia (pH uru karịa 7,45).

Ntụle nke ion bicarbonate na PaCO₂ mgbe ahụ na-enye ohere iji chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na nsogbu ahụ sitere na metabolic si malite (ọdịdị nke bicarbonates) ma ọ bụ iku ume (adịghị mma nke PaCO).₂). Nkịtị maka bicarbonates dị n'etiti 22 na 27 mmol / l (millimoles kwa liter).

Mbelata mkpokọta ion bicarbonate n'okpuru ụkpụrụ nkịtị na-ebute ọrịa metabolic acidosis. Acidosis jikọtara ya na oke H + ion. N'ihe banyere acidosis nke metabolic, a ga-ebelata mkpokọta ion bicarbonate (pH <7,35). N'ime acidosis iku ume, ọ bụ mmụba na nrụgide akụkụ nke CO₂ nke ga-abụ maka mmụba nke ion H +.

Metabolic acidosis nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, na mfu nke bicarbonates na-adịghị mma n'ihi afọ ọsịsa ma ọ bụ infusion saline physiological.

N'aka nke ọzọ, mmụba na ntinye nke ion carbonate na-eduga na a metabolic alkalosis (pH> 7,45). Ọ nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na oke nchịkwa nke bicarbonates, ọgbụgbọ siri ike ma ọ bụ enweghị potassium (diuretics, afọ ọsịsa, vomiting). Hyperaldosteronism nwekwara ike itinye aka (hypersecretion nke aldosterone).

Alkalosis iku ume, maka akụkụ ya, kwekọrọ na mbelata dịpụrụ adịpụ na nrụgide akụkụ nke CO₂.