Flammulaster šipovatyj (Flammulaster murictus)

Usoro:
  • Nkeji: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
  • Nkebi: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
  • Klas: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
  • Klas: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
  • Order: Agaricles (Agaric ma ọ bụ Lamellar)
  • Ezinụlọ: Inocybaceae (Fibrous)
  • Flammulaster (Flammulaster)
  • ụdị: Flammulaster muricatus (Flammulaster šipovatyj)

:

  • Flammulaster dị nro
  • Agaricus muricatus Fr.
  • Pholiota muricata (Fr.) P. Kumm.
  • Dryophila muricata (Fr.) Quel.
  • Naucoria muricata (Fr.) Kuehner & Romagn.
  • Phaeomarasmius muricatus (Fr.) Onye na-abụ abụ
  • Flocculina muricata (Fr.) PD Orton
  • Flammulaster denticulatus PD Orton

Aha sayensi zuru oke: Flammulaster muricatus (Fr.) Watling, 1967

taxonomic akụkọ ihe mere eme:

Na 1818, onye Sweden bụ́ ọkà mmụta ihe omimi bụ́ Elias Magnus Fries ji nkà mmụta sayensị kọwaa ero a, na-enye ya aha Agaricus muricatus. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye Scotsman Roy Watling bufere ụdị a na genus Flammulaster na 1967, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ natara aha sayensị ugbu a Flammulaster muricatus.

isi: 4 - 20 mm na dayameta, mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ike iru XNUMX centimeters. Na mbụ hemispherical nwere akụkụ gbagọrọ agbagọ na mkpuchi nwere mmetụta n'okpuru efere ndị ahụ. Ka ahụ na-amị mkpụrụ na-etolite, ọ na-aghọ convex-kpọda ala na obere tubercle, conical. Red-aja aja, agba aja aja, na akọrọ ihu igwe ocher-aja aja, ìhè aja aja, emesia na a nchara tint. N'iji matte na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ, elu nwere mmetụta, kpuchie ya na oke, kwụ ọtọ, akpịrịkpa dị warara. Ọnụ ahụ na-agbaji. Agba nke akpịrịkpa bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka elu nke okpu, ma ọ bụ ọchịchịrị.

A na-ejikọta akpịrịkpa ndị na-ekokwasị na nsọtụ n'ime ụzarị triangular, na-emepụta mmetụta nke kpakpando multi-beam.

Eziokwu a na-egosipụta n'ụzọ zuru oke ihe aha mkpụrụokwu Latịn pụtara. E nwetara epithet Flammulaster site na Latin flámmula nke pụtara "ọkụ" na site na Grik ἀστήρ [astér] nke pụtara "kpakpando".

okpu pulp mkpa, na-emebi emebi, odo-aja aja.

Ụkwụ: 3-4 cm ogologo na 0,3-0,5 cm na dayameta, cylindrical, oghere, dị ntakịrị gbasaa na isi, na-atụgharịkarị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụkwụ na-eji oroma-aja aja, akpịrịkpa spiny kpuchie. Ala gbara ọchịchịrị. N'akụkụ elu nke azuokokoosisi, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, enwere mpaghara annular, n'elu nke elu ya dị nro, na-enweghị akpịrịkpa.

Pulp n'ụkwụ fibrous, aja aja.

Records: adnate na eze, ọkara ugboro, na a ìhè odo jagged ihu, matte, nwere ọtụtụ efere. Ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto nwere agba ocher na-acha ọkụ, na-atụgharị na-acha aja aja na afọ, mgbe ụfọdụ nwere tint oliv, emesịa nwere ntụpọ nchara.

isi: N'ebe ụfọdụ enwere isi ísì nke pelargonium (geranium ụlọ). Ebe ndị ọzọ na-akọwa isi ísì dị ka ụkọ.

Ire adịghị ekwu okwu, nwere ike ịdị ilu.

Mkroskopu:

Akpụkpọ anụ: 5,8-7,0 × 3,4-4,3 µm; Qm = 1,6. Okpokoro mgbidi, ellipsoidal ma ọ bụ ntakịrị ovoid, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-adaba adaba n'otu akụkụ, dị nro, ahịhịa-edo edo na agba, nwere oghere na-epulite pụtara ìhè.

Basidia: 17–32 × 7–10 µm, mkpirisi, ụdị klọb. Anọ anọ, ọ na-adịkarịghị agba abụọ.

Cystids: 30-70 × 4-9 µm, cylindrical, kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ dị njọ, enweghị agba ma ọ bụ nwere ọdịnaya agba aja aja.

Pileipellis: ihe mejupụtara okirikiri, ihe nwere ụdị ube 35 - 50 microns, nwere inlay aja aja.

spore ntụ ntụ: nchara aja aja.

Spiny Flammulaster bụ ero saprotrophic. Na-etolite n'otu n'otu na obere ìgwè na osisi siri ike na-ere ere: beech, birch, alder, aspen. A pụkwara ịhụ ya n'ụgbụgbọ, sawdust, na ọbụna n'osisi ndị dị ndụ na-esighị ike.

Ọhịa osisi na-enyi mmiri nwere ọtụtụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ bụ ebe kacha amasị ya.

Mkpụrụ osisi site na June ruo October (oke na July na ọkara nke abụọ nke August).

ero dị ụkọ mara mma.

Enwere ike ịhụ flammulaster murictus n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke etiti na ndịda kọntinent Europe, yana ndịda Britain na Ireland. Na Western Siberia, edere na mpaghara Tomsk na Novosibirsk na Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Ọ dị ụkọ na North America. Achọpụtara na Hocking Forest Reserve, Ohio, California, na ndịda Alaska.

A na-ahụkwa na East Africa (Kenya).

Ọ gụnyere na Red Lists nke macromycetes: Czech Republic na ụdị EN - ụdị dị ize ndụ na Switzerland na ụdị VU - adịghị ike.

Amaghi ama. Enweghị data toxicological kọrọ na akwụkwọ sayensị.

Otú ọ dị, ero dị oke ụkọ ma dị ntakịrị ka ọ bụrụ mmasị na nri nri ọ bụla. Ọ ka mma ịtụle ya adịghị eri nri.

Flammulaster beveled (Flammulaster limulatus)

Enwere ike ịhụ obere ero a n'ime ọhịa ndị nwere ndò na osisi siri ike rere ure, nke na-eme ka ọ dị ka Flammulaster murictus. Ha yikwara na nha. Ọzọkwa, a na-ekpuchi ha abụọ na akpịrịkpa. Agbanyeghị, akpịrịkpa Flammulaster spiny na-egosi na ọ buru ibu ma gbaa ọchịchịrị. Isi ihe dị iche bụ ọnụnọ nke ọnụ ọnụ n'akụkụ okpu nke Spiky Flammulaster, ebe Slanted Flammulaster na-eme na-enweghị ya.

Na mgbakwunye, Flammulaster limulatus anaghị anụ ma geranium ma ọ bụ radish, nke enwere ike ịtụle ọdịiche dị n'etiti olu abụọ a yiri ya.

Flake nkịtị (Pholiota squarrosa)

N'èzí, Flammulaster na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ, mgbe ọ dị obere, enwere ike imehie ya dị ka obere akpụkpọ anụ. Isi okwu ebe a bụ “obere”, nke ahụ bụkwa ihe dị iche. Ọ bụ ezie na n'èzí ha yiri nnọọ, Pholiota squarrosa bụ ero nwere nnukwu mkpụrụ osisi, ọbụna ndị na-eto eto. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-etolite na ụyọkọ, ebe Flammulaster bụ otu ero.

Phaeomarasmius erinaceus (Phaeomarasmius erinaceus)

Nke a ero bụ saprotroph na ogwe ndị nwụrụ anwụ, na-abụkarị willows. Mgbe a na-akọwa Theomarasmius, a na-eji otu macrofeatures dị ka Flammulaster prickly: okpu ọkara na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie kpuchie na akpịrịkpa nwere ọnụ ọnụ, mkpịrị nkụ nke nwere mpaghara annular n'elu nke dị nro. N'ihi nke a, ọ na-esiri ike ịkọwa ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị ndị a.

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na i leruo anya nke ọma, ị ga-ahụ ihe dị iche. Nke mbụ, Phaeomarasmius erinaceus bụ ero dị ntakịrị karịa Flammulaster muricatus. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụghị ihe karịrị centimita. Ihe akpịrịkpa dị n'osisi ahụ dị obere, nwere mmetụta, ọ bụghịkwa spiny, dịka ọ dị na Flammulaster. A na-amakwa ya site na nnukwu pulp rubbery na enweghị isi na ụtọ.

Foto: Sergey.

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