M mụtara banyere mmetọ ikuku site n'ugbo ehi site na ihe nkiri "Save the Planet" (2016) nke UN Climate Ambassador Leonardo DiCaprio. Ihe ọmụma nke ukwuu - akwadoro nke ukwuu"
Ya mere, (mmụta onye na-apụnara mmadụ ihe!), N'otu n'ime ihe omume ahụ, Leonardo rutere n'ugbo ugbo ma soro ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi kparịta ụka. N'okirikiri, ehi mara mma nwere imi buru ibu na-ada, nke na-enye onyinye "nwere ike" na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ…
Ka anyị ghara ọsọ ọsọ - anyị ga-achọpụta ya site na nzọụkwụ.
A maara site na ụlọ akwụkwọ na e nwere ụfọdụ gas na-emepụta ụdị ihe nchekwa na ala ala nke ikuku. Ọ naghị ekwe ka okpomọkụ gbaba n'ime oghere. Mmụba na ntinye nke gas na-eduga n'ịbawanye mmetụta (obere na obere okpomọkụ na-agbapụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-anọgide na elu elu nke ikuku). Ihe si na ya pụta bụ mmụba nke okpomọkụ dị n'elu, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka okpomọkụ ụwa.
"Ndị na-eme ihe ọjọọ" nke ihe na-eme bụ isi ikuku ikuku anọ: mmiri vapo (aka H2O, ntinye aka na ikpo ọkụ 36-72%), carbon dioxide (CO2, 9-26%), methane (SN4, 4-9%) na ozone (O3, 3-7%).
Methane "na-ebi" na ikuku ruo afọ 10, mana ọ nwere nnukwu griin haus. Dị ka UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) si kwuo, methane nwere ọrụ griin haus ugboro 28 siri ike karịa CO.2.
Ebee ka gas si abịa? Enwere ọtụtụ ebe, mana ebe a bụ ndị isi:
1. Ọrụ dị mkpa nke ehi (ehi).
2. Ohia na-agba.
3. Mmụba n'ala a na-akụ ihe.
4. Osikapa na-eto.
5. Gas na-agbapụta n'oge mmepe nke coal na gas gas.
6. Mgbapụta dị ka akụkụ nke biogas n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa.
Ọkwa gas na ikuku na-agbanwe ka oge na-aga. Ọbụna obere mgbanwe na òkè nke CH4 na-eduga ná mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na okpomọkụ ikuku. Na-abanyeghị n'ime ọhịa akụkọ ihe mere eme, ka anyị kwuo na taa enwere mmụba na ntinye nke methane.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyere na ọrụ ugbo na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na nke a.
Ihe kpatara mmepụta nke methane dị na peculiarities nke mgbaze nke ehi. Mgbe ha na-afụ ma na-ewepụ gas na-eri nri, ụmụ anụmanụ na-ebupụta ọtụtụ methane. Anụ ehi dị iche na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ n'ihe ndị a na-eme “n’ụdị arụrụ arụ” nke ndụ.
A na-enye ehi ọtụtụ ahịhịa nri. Nke a na-eduga na mgbaze na ozu nke anụ ụlọ nke vegetative bekee na-esichara site na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ. Site na nri dị ukwuu (afọ nke ehi nwere 150-190 lita nke mmiri mmiri na nri), flatulence na-etolite na ụmụ anụmanụ na ugbo.
A na-emepụta gas n'onwe ya na rumen (akụkụ mbụ nke afọ anụ ahụ). N'ebe a, nnukwu ego nke nri osisi na-ekpughere ọtụtụ microorganisms. Ọrụ nke ụmụ nje ndị a bụ ịgbari ngwaahịa ndị na-abata. N'oge usoro a, a na-emepụta gas sitere na ngwaahịa - hydrogen na carbon dioxide. Methanogens (microorganism ọzọ na rumen) na-ejikọta gas ndị a n'ime methane.
Ọtụtụ ngwọta
Ndị ọrụ ugbo Canada na ndị ọkachamara n'ọrụ ugbo ewepụtala ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mgbakwunye nri maka anụ ụlọ. Ịhazi nri kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ibelata nhazi nke methane n'ime ahụ ụmụ anụmanụ. Ihe eji:
Mmanụ Linseed
· Galiki
Osisi junipa (berry)
Ụfọdụ ụdị algae
Ọkachamara sitere na Mahadum Pennsylvania na-arụ ọrụ n'ichepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ga-eme ka mgbari nri anụ ụlọ kwụsie ike.
Ihe ngwọta ọzọ maka nsogbu ahụ, ma na-apụtaghị ìhè: ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi nke ehi ga-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-arịa ọrịa, nke pụtara na ọ ga-ekwe omume iji hụ na mmepụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke anụ ụlọ. N'ihi ya, ugbo ahụ ga-ewepụtakwa obere methane.
Otu ndị Canada na-emejuputa atumatu Canada Genome. Dị ka akụkụ nke ọmụmụ (Mahadum Alberta), ndị ọkachamara na laabu na-amụ banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ehi na-emepụta obere methane. N'ọdịnihu, a na-eme atụmatụ iwebata ihe ndị a na mmepụta ugbo.
Na New Zealand, Fonterra, bụ onye na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ kasị ukwuu, weere nyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emejuputa atumatu gburugburu ebe obibi nke ga-eduzi nkọwa zuru ezu nke ikuku methane sitere na 100 ugbo. Site na ọrụ ugbo dị elu, New Zealand na-emefu nnukwu ego kwa afọ n'ịkwalite mmepụta na ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Malite na Nọvemba 2018, Fonterra ga-eme ka data dị n'ihu ọha na methane na ikuku ikuku griin ha si n'ugbo ya.
Mmepụta methane site na nje bacteria n'ime afọ ehi bụ nnukwu nsogbu ma n'ụwa ma na mpaghara. Afọ ole na ole gara aga, n'ugbo German, a na-etinye anụmanụ n'ọba nke na-enweghị ikuku ikuku dị mkpa. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ methane gbakọtara na mgbawa mere.
Dị ka ngụkọ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si kwuo, ehi ọ bụla na-emepụta ihe ruru lita 24 nke methane n'ime awa 500. Ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu nke ehi na mbara ala bụ 1,5 ijeri - ọ na-apụta banyere 750 ijeri lita kwa ụbọchị. Ya mere, cows dịkwuo griin haus mmetụta ọzọ ụgbọala?
Otu n'ime ndị isi nke Global Carbon Project, Prọfesọ Robert Jackson, kwuru ihe ndị a:
"".
Mmepe nke ugbo, na-apụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu nke ọrụ ugbo na ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ ụlọ - naanị usoro jikọtara ọnụ nwere ike inye aka belata mkpokọta CH.4 ma kwụsị okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Ọ bụghị na ehi bụ "ata ụta" maka mmụba nkezi okpomọkụ n'ụwa. Ihe omume a nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ ma na-achọ mgbalị dị ukwuu n'akụkụ dị iche iche. Njikwa nke methane na-emepụta n'ime ikuku bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa ka a na-edozi n'ime afọ 1-2 na-esote. Ma ọ bụghị ya, amụma kacha wute nwere ike ime…
N'ime afọ 10 na-esote, ntinye nke methane ga-abụ ihe na-achọpụta okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nke a gas ga-enwe mmetụta dị mkpa na ịrị elu nke ikuku ikuku, nke pụtara na njikwa nke ikuku ya ga-abụ ọrụ bụ isi maka ichekwa ihu igwe. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ Mahadum Stanford bụ Robert Jackson na-ekerịta echiche a. O nwekwara ihe kpatara ya.