Gallbladder (nke sitere na Latin vesica biliaris) na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe nchekwa maka bile, mmiri mmiri viscous na-acha odo odo nke imeju zoro ezo na nke na-etinye aka na usoro mgbaze.

Gallbladder dị n'akụkụ aka nri nke afọ. Ọ bụ obere obere akpa nke yiri ube nke a chọtara n'okpuru imeju. Akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na agba na mgbidi dị mkpa, ọ na-atụ na nkezi 7 ruo 12 cm ogologo. Ọ nwere ihe dị ka 50 ml nke bile. N'ọgwụgwụ ya dị ala, eriri cystic na-ejikọta eriri ime imeju na-etolite duct bile nkịtị. Ọ bụ site na duct a ka bile na-asọba na duodenum, akụkụ mbụ nke eriri afọ nke na-esote afọ.

Bile nwere mmiri pụrụ iche, nnu bile, bilirubin (pigmenti sitere na nbibi nke haemoglobin na nke na-enye bile ahụ agba odo odo), cholesterol na phospholipids. Naanị nnu bile na phospholipids na-esonye na usoro mgbari nri. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị enzymes, bile nwere ike, ekele maka nnu ya, iji belata nha abụba globules, ya mere iji kwado ọrụ nke enzymes digestive.

Omume nke gallbladder na-adabere na ọnọdụ nke duodenum. Mgbe nke a tọgbọrọ chakoo, bile ahụ na-abanyeghachi n'ime eriri afọ cystic ka echekwara na eriri afọ. Nke ikpeazụ na-etinye uche na bile ahụ site na ịmịnye mmiri ya nke ọma, si otú a na-eme ka nnu bile na-eme n'ọdịnihu dịkwuo irè. Mgbe nri ndị nwere abụba na-abanye n'ime duodenum, nzuzo nke cholecystokinin, hormone nke eriri afọ na-emepụta, na-eme ka eriri afọ na-agbakọta, nke na-ebupụ bile n'ime duct bile nkịtị. A na-ejikọta nke ikpeazụ n'ọnụ ụzọ duodenum site na duct pancreatic (dị ka aha ya na-egosi na ọ na-abịa site na pancreas), nke na-ebu enzymes digestive, ka ọ bụrụ bọlbụ hepato-pancreatic. N'otu oge na obere eriri afọ, bile na ihe ọṅụṅụ pancreatic na-amalite ndakpọ kemịkalụ nri.

Biliary lithiasis : nhazi nkume n'ime gallbladder ma ọ bụ n'ime bile ducts. Nkume ndị a, dị ka obere okwute, bụ kọlestrọl kristal na-emekarị mejupụtara. Ọdịdị ha, nha na ọnụ ọgụgụ ha dịgasị iche site na onye gaa na onye. Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-adịkarị mma, nkume ndị a nwere ike igbochi cystic na bile ducts, ya mere ọpụpụ nke bile na duodenum. N'okwu a, isiokwu ahụ nwere colic biliary nke nwere ike ịdịru ruo awa 4.

Obere okwute gall nwere mmetụta na-eme ka mmiri na-asọ asọ nke bile kwụsịlata nke ga-akwụsịkwa ruo mgbe ọ ga-etolite ihe a na-akpọ bile sludge, nke a na-ahụkwa na ụfọdụ ndị nwere ọrịa AIDS (3).

Nnyocha 4 (2001) mere ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke lithiasis na ụmụ oke, si otú a na-atụ aro na enwere ike ịmalite mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa a. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ụfọdụ agbụrụ, dị ka ndị India nke North America, yiri ka hà na-enwekarị ike ịrịa lithiasis.

N'afọ ọ bụla, oke ibu bụkwa ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ize ndụ maka mmepe nke gallstones. N'ime nyocha 5 (2012) nke mmadụ 510 dị afọ 000 ruo 9, achọpụtara na ụmụaka buru oke ibu na-enwekarị ọrịa gallstone okpukpu abụọ, ebe ihe ize ndụ dị okpukpu asatọ karịa nke gallstones. ndị nwere oke ibu.

N'izugbe, ụmụ nwanyị na-ekpughere karịa ndị nwoke na nkume gallstone ndị a. Ụfọdụ omume nwere ike ịbawanye ohere nke ịmepụta nkume.

Ọrịa Cholecystitis : mbufụt nke gallbladder, nke nwere ike ibute ọrịa. Ọ na-emekarị n'ihi ọnụnọ nke nkume dị na gallbladder ma ọ bụ bile duct nkịtị.

Poselin vesicle : mgbe cholecystitis gasịrị, calcium nwere ike ịbanye na mgbidi nke gallbladder, nke na-esiwanye ike. Isiokwu a nwere ihe a na-akpọ poselin vesicle.

Cholestatic jaundice : Mgbe egbochiri eriri afọ nke gallbladder, bile na-abanyeghachi n'ime ọbara. Ebe ọ bụ na a naghị apụpụ bilirubin na stool, ọ na-aghọ enweghị agba, ebe akpụkpọ ahụ na-atụgharị odo odo. N'otu oge ahụ, ọkwa bilirubin nke mmamịrị na-abawanye, nke na-ebute mmamịrị gbara ọchịchịrị. Ndị a bụ ihe mgbaàmà nke jaundice cholestatic.

Choledochal cysts : bụ ọzịza na-adịghị mma nke bile ducts. Ọrịa dị site na ịmụ nwa, ọ na-abawanye ohere nke ịmalite ọrịa kansa gallbladder.

Ọrịa pancreatic-biliary na-adịghị mma : congenital anomaly nke njikọ dị n'etiti bile nkịtị na pancreatic ducts. N'okwu a, enzymes nke pancreas na-emepụta enweghị ike iru duodenum. Ha nwere ike ịkpata mgbakasị ahụ nke gallbladder.

Ọrịa cancer gallbladder : Dị ka ọ dị na cholecystitis, ọdịdị carcinoma nke gallbladder na-amasị ya site na nkume gallstones. Ọrịa na-adịghị ahụkebe na France, ọ na-emetụtakarị ndị inyom karịrị afọ 70. A na-achọpụtakarị ya n'oge mgbe ọ na-agbasa na akụkụ ndị agbata obi, ọ na-esonyere ya mgbe ụfọdụ mgbu abdominal, vomiting na ọnwụ nke agụụ. A ghaghị iburu n'uche ihe gbasara agbụrụ iji chọpụta ọnọdụ ya. Ngosipụta na Thorotrast (9) (ihe dị iche iche nke a na-ejibu na foto ahụike) na-abawanye ohere nke ịmalite ọrịa cancer gallbladder.

Mgbe a naghị edozi nkume ndị ahụ ma ghara ịgafe ụfọdụ nha, ọgwụgwọ iji gbazee ha, dị ka Actigall, ga-ekwe omume. Ablation, nke na-enweghị ezigbo mmetụta kwa ụbọchị, na-anọgide na-emekarị n'ọnọdụ nke gallstones.

Nri nwere ike imetụta nguzobe nke gallstones. Nri dị elu nke calorie na-akwalite ọdịdị ha, ebe nri bara ụba na eriri akwụkwọ nri na-ebelata pasent a. N'ihe banyere ọdịdị mbụ nke nkume, mgbanwe ndụ (mbelata oriri nke abụba, shuga, ezigbo hydration, mmega ahụ mgbe niile, wdg) nwere ike iwepụ ihe mgbu ọ bụla ngwa ngwa.

Ụfọdụ ọrịa afọ, dị ka ọrịa Crohn, nwere ike okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna okpukpu atọ nke ụbara nkume gallstone (10).

Ultrasound nke afọ: ule kachasị mfe na ngwa ngwa iji chọpụta nkume gallstones. Ọ nwere ike ịchọpụta 90% nke mgbako. Ejikọtara ya na nyocha nke ndu (nyocha ọbara na nyocha bilirubin) iji chọpụta ịdị njọ nke ọnọdụ ahụ.

Echo-endoscopy: nyocha nke nkeji iri abụọ a na-enye gị ohere ileba anya n'ime eriri afọ yana ịmụkwa pancreas.

Mwepụ gallbladder (ma ọ bụ cholecystectomy): ịwa ahụ nke enwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa gallstones nke gallbladder ma ọ bụ bile duct mgbe ejikọtara ya na oke mgbu.

N'oge ochie, Galen mepụtara echiche nke ihe ọchị anọ (11) dịka nke nguzozi nke ọchị (ọbara, bile na-acha odo odo, bile ojii, phlegm) na-achịkwa ahụike uche na nke anụ ahụ nke mmadụ. A na-ejikọta marble odo odo na iwe, ebe bile ojii na-akpalite nhụsianya na mwute. Nke ikpeazụ bụ, n'uche, na-akpata nchegbu na ihe ọjọọ. Ọ bụ n'echiche Grik a ka okwu ahụ bụ "inwe bile" (12) si abịa.